Human Resources Question Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources Question Paper - Essay ExampleTherefore, acquiring and educational activity the personnel is the most important aspect in being able to balance the confederations goals and compete with others. This is so, because when you appoint someone to a given position you require from him to posses particular education and domesticate background, so that he can contribute for the developing for the company. So selecting the appropriate candidates is essential for companys growth and competitoryness. Cohen (1991) states that by raising the corporate upbringing employees are more predisposed to seek self-initiative and want from their managers broader possibilities in their work liberties. Consequently, employees who have greater freedom to maneuver in their work can study brighter ideas within the company and aid to its competitiveness.The preparation or training will provide the employees with specific home(a) competences about the position they hold and the work specif icities. So combining the initial training with the already prove previous work experiences, the employee will be able to exceed in his work and instigate towards excellence. The training equips workers to carry out their duties and engage in personal development as well as companys growth. Therefore, when one strives to grow in his positions, he will come up with clear and progressive ideas to guarantee the higher position.In my opinion, compensating human resources will contribute the least, because when individuals are looking for a career to grow, the amount of salary received is not the moving element. They know that they will be remunerated to each one month, so unless they are sales representatives and have a target to meet, they will not contribute to the competitive aspirations of the managers. Bonuses and other monetary stimulations are effective to a degree, they can stimulate the employees to come up with late ideas and to engage in the work processes more actively. However, if they do not hold personal

INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY-Unit 4, Question # 1 Essay

INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY-Unit 4, header 1 - Essay ExampleThese movements were intentionally as tools for demanding and attaining semipolitical autonomy from the colonial governments. In several(prenominal) countries standardised south Africa, colonialism led to favorable and political segregation were the whites and the blacks were entitled to different political and social rights. However, this ended as a result of the powerful effect of political resistance and liberation movements like African National Congress (CANC) (Scupin and DeCorse, 2007).Political division of the Africa is another major effect of colonization on Africa. European nation divided different aras of Africa into colonies to serve their needs for raw materials and needs of overseas markets. These colonies glow the present day African countries. A positive aspect of colonialism was the rise of powerful African leaders who could lead the continent towards a brighter economic and political future . Examples of these are President Nelson Mandela of South Africa. Colonialism also loose a door for the poor to participate in politics through revolutions were majority of the members were peasants.Many aspects of modern-day Africa portray the residual effects of colonialism. An example of this is the boundary disputes and separation of people from similar ethnic background. This came because the political division of Africa into colonies was done arbitrarily without knowledge of its socio-cultural characteristics. These boundaries are now political hotspots. The citizens of different African countries are basically created groups who were left behind fighting for the resources across created boundaries.Factions among communities can also be traced to colonial experience. mavin of the techniques that colonialists used to dominate a country, and thus prevent uprising, was to split its community into factions then pit them against severally other. The creation of the Hutu and the Tutsis in Rwanda is a good example. After a few generations, these divisions intensified and

Investment report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment report - investigate Paper ExampleThe second paragraph discusses the con grid of the companys sway. It analyses the movement of the bloodline in the previous years, and further concludes that the BEST debauch stock had been decelerating and continues to predict that there will be further deceleration in the next coming years due to poor sales do during the holiday and its poor marketing strategies. The third paragraph discusses the valuation of the stock of the company. The companys stock had been decelerating in the previous years and it further shows that will continue decelerating further in the next year and therefore the best decision is to short the BEST BUY stock. The fourth paragraph analyses the management aptitude which shows that the management had been arrogant in promoting the companys products. They did not use the internet which most of its competitors employ to sale to the customer this resulted into poor sales and lowered the companys revenue. The fifth paragraph discusses the sentiments found on the companys balance sheet. The companys balance sheet reveals that the assets of the company ar inadequate to pay off the companies obligations, and this may put the company at a greater risk. The one-sixth paragraph analyses the fundamentals based on the companys balance sheet. Lastly, it discusses the chart best on the EE charts of the Bloomberg and makes a conclusion to short BEST BUY STOCK.This report shows the discussions of the investment project of short BEST BUYs stock. The analytic thinking discusses the reasons based on the short grid, valuation, management, fundamentals, sentiments and charts of the company. The investment on the short BEST BUY stock for the next year may be the best investment decision according to the analysis based on the streetwise-Bloomberg analyst recommendation function (ANR) and the earnings estimates (EE) charts. The company had good growth in the previous years, but due to unmet forecast on its holiday

Develop an Export Strategy for an Organisation Essay - 1

Develop an Export Strategy for an Organisation - Essay patternIndia go forth therefore be expected to be familiar with the operations of the international administer which will help it to export its products effectively. The export strategy therefore proposed for the board of directors is dependent on the federal agents that will be brought out from the knowledge of the international trade (In Nafziger & In Paterson, 2014).International trade involves the exchange of products and services across the country boundaries. International trade consists of imports, which are the products that come into the country, and exports which are the products that the country sells to other countries. International trade is regulated by customs that regulate the oversight and taxation of the countries involved. International trade is laid on a theoretical foundation that includes mercantilism which tried to impose more exports than imports, referring this as a affirmatory trade balance, neomer cantilism which like the former, tries to meet a positive trade balance, absolute advantage over competitors which is establish on the ability of a nation to produce effectively by using less resources. some other foundation is comparative advantage where a nation is encouraged to take part in export of a product which it is best suited to produce compared to its competitors, and endowment of factors which increases the comparative advantage thus modify a nation to export products that it has a high factor endowment, therefore attaining higher sales train of the product and at the same time spreading its production cost, and importing the products which it has a low factor endowment in order to acquire them from countries that are suited to produce them. The complexity of the international foodstuff is based on the need for international transportation from one country to another. It involves the physical transportation

Muslim Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moslem Culture - Essay ExampleFrom this, Muslims believed that Abraham was the first Muslim. Mecca had grown into a huge city by the duration prophet Muhammad was born in the 6th century.Although the exact date of birth of Prophet Muhammad is not known, it is believed that he was born in A.D 570. Muhammad worked as a caravan trader and later worked for a wealthy leave as her business agent. He managed to alleviate the divisions in Mecca that had been caused by large influx of foreigners. Muhammad set to avoid Mecca. Under the leadership of Muhammad, Islamized Arabs conquered many parts of Arab.The fact that Muhammad was Gods prophet on creation made it hard for anyone to succeed him. Some Muslims proposed that Islamic leadership should be passed within Muhammads family. However, most(prenominal) Muslims were opposed to this opting for tribal traditions where inheritance was based on prestige and power of ones family as well as its position in the tribal system.Abu Bakr, believe d to be the first convert to Islam outside Muhammads family, became the first caliph. His successor as caliph was Umar bin Al-Khattab. Muslims regard Umar as the second founder of Islam. He was later succeeded by Uthman bin Affan.Islam Empire of Faith is a documentary have produced by Robert Gardner for PBS. thither are several similarities as well as differences between the information from the above discussed text and the filmWhile the film does not provide much information on the birthplace of Islam, it acknowledges that Islam could have originated from Mecca. jibe to the film, the city enjoyed great economic success as a centre for trade. This impacted heavily on the origin and growth of Islam. The film, however, does not indicate whether Abraham was the first Islam.The film differs from the information provided in the text by claiming that Prophet Muhammad was born in the 7th century (Islam Empire of Faith). It, however, asserts that Muhammad conquered Mecca and its neighbori ng. The film shows

Strategic Mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Mangement - Essay ExampleBasically, the social club has witnessed a steady ontogeny in the Australian Wine Industry and is one of the leading export industries especially to the United States.2. xanthous Tail operates in an environment where there be also competitors who offer the same products and in this case, a SWOT analysis is more appropriate for this task of analysing the environmental detailors that affect the organisations operations. It defines the kinship between the internal and external environmental factors that can affect an organisation in a invoke to deal with its strategic analysis (Robinson 1997). Basically, SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses which represent the internal environment of the firm while opportunities and threats ar external environmental factors. The major strengths of the company include the following The name is unique and interesting, the packaging depicts the celebrated kangaroo and the pricing is low among other factors. The company is able to offer satisfactory products to its customers abroad as well. Its weaknesses ar it heavily relies on export securities industry, it has limited brands and cannot continue attracting customers over a long period and the fact that it uses limited advertisements is another major weakness which can negatively impact on the organisation.There be different opportunities for the company. The distribution pattern in global markets is a very big opportunity for the company compared to other locally based players in the industry. Using new technology in brewing wine is another opportunity for the company. The other opportunity is the need for adoption of new information and communication technology tools such as the internet to effectively market its products. It can utilize the internet to reach the customers who are beyond the local markets. Through specially designed websites, it can also be possible to market other products that are not found in the local stores. Ho wever, one notable threat to yellowness Tail is the

Bladder washouts in the maintanence of long term indwelling catheters Essay

Bladder washouts in the maintanence of long term indwelling catheters - Essay ExampleIt has been set that catheter substantial should be appropriately selected to allow for safe washouts.Washing out of the vesica with sterile fluid is cognize as bladder washout and it involves two types. One, bladder lavage and the other bladder irrigation. Lavage involves washing out the bladder in sterile fluid indicated to clear an obstructed catheter and to remove possible sources of obstruction due to product line clot or sediments caused by infection. Irrigation is the continuous washing out of the bladder in sterile direction indications for which are prevention of formation and retention of blood clots and rarely removal of heavily contaminated poppycock from a sick urinary bladder (Dougherty, Lister and Lister, 2004 p 275).This paper deals with the role of bladder washouts in the maintenance of long-term indwelling catheters. Before going into detail of the washout mechanisms and othe r procedures involved, it is essential to address bladder function, incontinence and long dwelling catheters. The objective of this paper is to examine whether bladder washouts are nonpareil in the maintenance of long term indwelling catheters.Urine continence is the state of urine organism stored in the bladder without involuntary leakage. Stress incontinence occurs when the subject exerts coughs or sneezes. Urge incontinence happens piece in urgency. Mixed incontinence happens when there is a combination of exertion and urgency. A UK survey found that one in three had bladder dysfunction among 10,000 adults of age 40 and above interviewed (Getliffe and Thomas 2007p 1) ingathering of urine at low pressure and regular voiding of urine are the functions of the bladder and write down urinary tract respectively. The bladder is located at the pelvic cavity just at the confirm of symphysis pubis. Lying outside the peritoneal cavity, it extends upwards as it gets filled between the pe ritoneum and the wall of the external body.

Diversity Activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversity Activity - Assignment ExampleThe action at law initiates learning and appreciation of motley differences and consequent effects as conflicting behaviors. Students can develop tolerance towards opposite gender since the exercise promotes sharing of ideas on cultural diversity among students. The activity enhances the involvement of both able and challenged students, encourages, and promotes involving disabled students. The human beings of an inclusive learning environment, through the activity, is of notable importance to middle school learners. The compass of diversity is integrity of the activities that teachers in middle school can use to create awareness on different cultures among students. The activity creates togetherness among students by informing them on their similarities.5. Every student reads to the class what he or she considers as a similarity in cultures among the class members. After completing the second stage of the activity, students share their vie ws with colleagues by recitation out their points on the differences in cultures.7. To keep the students aware of the diverse similarities and differences in cultures highlighted, students pin the paper strips almost their class walls. The paper strips are arranged as a link in a chain as a demonstration of cultural link.In assessing the impact of the activity on students sensitivity to diversity, the instructor may ask related questions to different cultures highlighted by students during the activity. The level of participation of students during the activity acts as a credible scale of determining the students level of sensitivity towards diversity in culture. When students have high fanaticism and willingness in highlighting the points, they have a high level of awareness on the topic. The extent to which students solve questions after the activity is credible means of determining their level of sensitivity towards the diversity

Tay-sachs disease Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tay-sachs disease - Case Study ExampleThe type of information that the Trosacks would get from each member woulddefinitely be markedly different. For example, the nurse would probably be available in a capacity that was strictly in align to help Mrs. Trosack learn more(prenominal) about her pregnancy and the practical issues that might arise with the responsibilities she were to accept the challenge to be a spawn to a infantile amaurotic idiocy child. In terms of the geneticist, the geneticist would be able to logically explain why their unborn child has Tay-Sachs, not to mention how he or she would genetically break down the facts in order of magnitude to help explain to the couple about how the recessive gene on the paternal side involve to be available for both parents to be carriers. The doctor would probably talk about the main make of the illness on the child and what kind of treatment would be needed. The chaplain would be available for moral support.2. pedagogy Plan F or the Trosacks Initial a.Genetic Diagnosis The diagnosis of Tay-Sachs is, fortunately, one clear-cut fact. According to NINDS Tay-Sachs Disease Information Page (2011), Patients and carriers of Tay-Sachs disease can be identified by a simple blood test that measures beta-hexosaminidase A activity. Both parents must carry the mutated gene in order to have an affected child. Given these circumstances, usually there is a 25 percent chancethat their child will be affected with Tay-Sachs (pgh. 2).b.Treatment The treatment of Tay-Sachs is probably going to be aggressive in nature.

Expansion of Aritizia Boutique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Expansion of Aritizia Boutique - look for Paper ExampleWith a population of over 800000 people, Indianapolis is the largest of the terzetto cities. carbon monoxide Springs follows second and nett is Ann Arbor. The economic indicators of the terce cities be also good. All have a higher employment rates. The city with the highest employment rates is Ann Arbor. Competition is a major challenge in the three cities. All the three cities have well established Boutiques in the market with the leading in competition being Indianapolis. Colorado Springs also has a number of boutiques, which has been in the market for a very long time. Climate unless is on the side of Colorado Springs. With over 300 days of sunshine, Colorado Springs remains the trump nonplus to sell light clothes. Comparing all the above factors, Colorado Springs is the best city to expand the Aritizia products. This question involves looking at the versatile cities that the expansion is to occur and identifying the various aspects of the city that will make it the best option for expansion. After all the data is collected, analysis takes place to come up with the best city among the various options. In this paper, analysis of three cities occurs to know which among them, suits the best option for expansion of Aritizia boutique. The three cities are Indianapolis, in Indiana, Ann Arbor, of Michigan and Colorado springs of Colorado. The main sources of information used in this paper come from various books about the small American cities, the internet and various newspapers. Analysis of the population trend of each city, its general economic group in the past decade comes about to show the best city among the three cities listed.

Supply Chain and Operations Management Assignment - 1

Supply Chain and Operations attention - identification ExampleAccording to the AIMS Institute of Supply Chain Management, it is a management of a global interlocking lend oneselfd to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash.Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the management of the relationship between the suppliers supplier and the customers customer through the supply mountain chain participants (Distributor/Wholesaler and Retailer) between them, mainly using information flow and logistics activities to gain Competitive advantage and customer satisfaction.A supply chain, as opposed to supply chain management, is a set of organizations directly linked by one or more(prenominal) upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, or information from a source to a customer. Supply chain management is the management of such a chain.7In many cases the supply chain includes th e collection of goods after consumer use for recycling. SCM is a cross-functional approach that includes managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into consummate goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and toward the end consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they reduce their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other firms that can do the activities better or more cost effectively.

Impact of internet in marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Impact of internet in market - Essay Example meshing market, which is called e-tailing in computer-speak, is the selling of retail goods online that radically transformed the existing market structures - mostly for the best (Cassiman & Sieber, 2002). When it was started in 1997 by such companies as Dell Computer, Amazon.com and Auto-by-Tel, m either thought it could never replace the traditional mode of personal marketing because of the socially en plenteousing experience of personally touching and appraising the quality of goods you want to buy and wrangle with the vendors. This prognostication was proven wrong by the 10 million purchases made online at the initial year, and by 2004, the value of online trade globally reached $3.14 trillion, up from $350.30 billion in 2000 (Andan, 2003).This paper looks into the factors that attracted more and more businesses to online marketing, counselling its attention on the impact of the Internet on the very concept of marketing and the be nefits of this specialized guinea pig of marketing as compared to traditional brick-and-mortar selling. The study also seeks out the advantages and disadvantages of Internet marketing so that upstart(prenominal) companies planning to bring their marketing activity to the Net will know what to expect and what to avoid.Both sunrise(prenominal) and well-established corporations and small and medium enterprises are turning to the Internet to create new markets and reorganize their existing markets. This marketing platform is ubiquitous and low-cost to make it a potent force for maximizing the growth of all company with some IT knowledge and capability (Kiang & Chi, 2001). All this began in 1990 when the US National Science root approved the use of the Internet for non-academic use, primarily marketing and commerce. It took three years before the worldwide net phenomenon became possible and by 1993 some 5 million people were using the new technology for marketing applications. The number leaped to 62 million in 1997 and by 1998, there were 100 million substance abusers around the world. Internet traffic continued to double every 100 days, according to pioneering Internet provider Unmet Technologies, thus displace the popular observation that the Internet achieved one of the fastest adoption rates any technology has every experienced (Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2002). The changes wrought by the Internet is believed even better than the communication revolution effected by the telephone, which established connection between only two or several nodes. The Internet allows the simultaneous sub of information in digital form among an unlimited number of nodes. At the click of a mouse, any owner of a connected computer can access and create vast amounts of information, images and opinions. The Internet user can even access processes and procedures previously cordoned off in back offices and data processing centers of governing body agencies and corporations.Today, the popular applications of the Internet in business include online auctions, travel booking, shopping in cybermalls, home banking, online rootage trading, insurance and mortgage services (Andan, 2003). It was just a matter of time before the Internet gained acceptance as a modern-day platform for marketing. At least three forces directed the worlds attention to the rich possibilities of the

Poverty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poverty - Research Paper ExampleThe author uses various forms of language to dress poverty, as well as convey the nature of poverty to the reader. She starts by defining poverty from a personal perspective and taking the reader through her suffering and the pain of her daily life. Her main steer is to shake up the readers experience poverty and view themselves in her dirt and poverty, doing so in order to make the reader grasp what world she is coming from. Through the use of imagery to expose the horrific and terrible world of poverty, she enhances her ability to make her audience question the stereotypes that they fuck off of the abject. According to her, there are despicable people in every country. Majority of individuals in the world are quick to stereotype capital of Kuwaiti citizens as rich and multi-millionaires, whom all change their automotives on a yearly basis and live in villas (El-Katiri et al 14). While this is true and most Kuwaitis do live relatively well, th ere are, however, those Kuwaitis who are poor or underprivileged and live below the poverty line, relying heavily on monthly charity that they clear from charitable organizations. It is true that there are very few Kuwaitis who cannot manage a meal, whether foreign laborers or Kuwaiti nationals. However, maculation shelter, food, and healthcare are attainable with ease because of the welfare system run by the state, there are also charitable organizations based in and out of Kuwait that spend millions in order to make sure that the essential needs of Kuwaiti nationals are taken care of (El-Katiri et al 14). While this may not make sense given the relative wealth in Kuwait compared to other countries, it is also worth remembering that poverty is a major problem worldwide. In instantlys world, poverty is an epidemic that has very few solutions (Parker 1). In fact, those who are poor in relatively wealthy countries are worse off compared to those in developing nations. This is becau se poverty is enabled by classification in these countries with class stratification making it difficult to spread the wealth. These classifications may be based on individual behavior categories, cultural factors, political factors, economic factors, and social factors. These classifications contribute to poverty. Social class determines wages, which would be the variable that leads to poverty. Those families receiving lower wages are barely able to cater for living expenses (Parker 1). In this case, they do not have sufficient money to enroll for programs that will aid their childrens education. In Kuwait, as well as, other countries like Kuwait in the region, classification based on wealth and undercover property is not so important, especially compared to having the power, to access state institutions that are involved in distributing revenues from the petroleum (El-Katiri et al 15). Kuwait is a rich country where poverty is relatively low. However, there are nonoperational fu ndamental social divisions within the country. These divisions exist between tribal families that have settled for a while and those who settled in the country within the last thirty years. The latter group does not have strong and long established ties with the ruling class. In fact, most of them do not even bear Kuwaiti citizenship and are

My Experience of Volunteer at Various Organizations Essay

My fetch of Volunteer at Various Organizations - Essay ExampleOnce I had collected enough countersigns, I would pack these up in delivery boxes and send it egress to the various prisons that are affiliated with our organization. I would also take the time to write letter to the inmates who were directly involved with the book program. I was al around interchangeable an unofficial librarian in a way since I had to match certain book types with certain inmates. This was one of the most rewarding activities in the inform program because I would receive letters from the inmates who were so happy to be beneficiaries of our program. Since some of them had no family or friends, the books that we sent them helped lighten their lonely mood. We volunteer in effect, became a part of their extended family in the outside world just because of the simple act of kindness that we did for them. I personally received letters from those inmates who wanted to spend their time in prison or in jail productively. They would ask me to find books that would truly widen their horizon and challenge their minds. Books like those specializing in Spanish, medicine, math, English, and early(a) educational reading material. I was more than happy to help them find those books and occupy it to them. It made me feel like by doing this type of volunteer job with the organization, I was truly qualification an impact in the inmates lives and helping them to see that they had a future outside of prison if they wanted to. My other volunteer job was at the Melbourne Animal Shelter. The South Animal Care shelter to be exact helped keep the cats and dogs in a presentable manner for possible adoption. My job was to make sure the animals were bathed, their cages cleaned, and most importantly, I made sure that these animals were given their daily exercise by taking them for leisurely walks. It saddened me that I this animal shelter was a kill shelter. Meaning the animals that did not get adopted would be out to sleep.

Sonoco HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sonoco HR - Essay ExampleThe industrys shift towards a more involved supplier that offers ratiocination to end packaging solutions made it hard for SONOCO to compete directly with its competitors until serious change are apply in the high society. In response SONOCOs leadership implemented strategies designed to control cost that is juxtaposed to its impertinent wrinkle model of generating top line growth. The strategy involves retooling its consumer packaging divisions to meet the large demands of clients that is sensitive to consumer seek or preferences. The new business model practi chattery granted more autonomy to the General Managers of from each one division in terms of managing his or her own talent pool despite the new business models demand for more cross functional cooperation to respond to the dynamic customer needs. SONOCOs bodied culture is family-oriented, paternalistic, collaborative, and team oriented. Due to its long profitable history the company in its ent irety tolerates underperformance so long as the company can afford it. But the employees are as well extremely fast(a) to the company with majority of them enjoying tenures of more than 20 years. The companys employees pride themselves of being able to practice the phase in the packaging industry. The Issues Cindy Hartley was hired to assist SONOCO to support the strategies of DeLoach the companys CEO that is aimed at (1) increasing GMs accountability for talent management (2) distribute HR talent and support more as across the companys divisions and make HR systems and process consistent and (3) to optimize HRs ability to provide customize strategic support to the GMs businesses. These priority areas are designed to align the placement with the dynamic demands of the packaging industry. After conducting a comprehensive assessment of SONOCOs HR needs, Hartley identified terce priorities that she needs to resolve at once to respond to the challenge posed by DeLoach. First, the m echanical and arrogant compensation and performance-management systems needed to be linked and made consistent and more accurately reflective of employee contributions to company performance. Second, the company needed to create an employee- experiencement process to refine employees skill and to identify and develop deficient skills. Third, develop succession planning to identify and prepare the next generation of leaders was urgent. It would be prudent to stop that whatever changes and initiatives that will be implemented by the organization it will also change the corporal culture and psyche of SONOCO to sustain its continuous implementation (Devero, 2007). The onus should be geared towards continuous receipts through iterative compliance to dynamic policies and procedure of a learning organization (Senge, 2006). The transformation should also be complete that it will positively influence or impact the correct core set of the organization (Whiteley & Whiteley, 2006). Analysi s of the issues SONOCOs steady growth through acquisition of other companies over the years has contributed to the diffuseness of several departments across divisions when the acquired companies were eventually consolidated to their respective divisions (DePamphilis, 2009). One of these departments is the HR department. Operational imperatives or requirements that call for expedient filling of positions to meet orders from customers also contributed to

Conclusion and Decisions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion and Decisions - Term Paper ExampleThe earnings per share of the political party were $1.99 and it had a tell dividend of $0.99. The return on capital of the firm was 19%. establish on the basic financial compend performed it seems as if Sysco is a sound financial investment. I would invest $1 cardinal in SYY vulgar stocks. The two other decisions regarding Sysco is whether or not invest in Sysco incorporated bonds and to decide if Sysco is worthy of a bank credit line for its short borderinal needs. The best way to determine how good the corporate bonds of the company are is by testing if the firm has the ability to pay off its long term debt. A ratio that can help determine if the firm can pay its long term debt is the debt ratio. The debt ratio is calculated dividing assets by liabilities. The debt ratio of Sysco is 1.59. A good debt ratio is one above 1.0. Based on these results I would recommend a $500,000 investment in Sysco bonds. The final decision is regard ing whether the company deserves a line of credit for its short term needs. A liquidity ratio that helps determine the ability of the company to pay off its short term debts is the current ratio. The current ratio is calculated dividing current assets by current liability. A current ratio is good is it is above 1.0. The current ratio of Sysco is 1.69. Based on the ratio analysis result I would recommend the bank approve a $1 million credit line. Work Cited Page Sysco.com. 2011.

Nurture Makes Euthanasia More Acceptable Essay Example for Free

Nurture Makes Euthanasia More Acceptable try outEuthanasia is the practice of mercifully ending a somebodys life in order to free soul from a deadly disease. The Greek word Euthanasia simply means good finale. This refers to the designed ending of a soulfulness or animals life to relieve suffering and pain. It is also known as Mercy Killing. It is a serious ethical and political issue in todays society because it goes against the norms of traditional medicine. It is so, because some hatful define mercy killing as a form of suicide. However, some batch actually think that it is a choice that concerns the quality of life.In fact, people take a crap diametric standards regarding the worth of life. Others believe that macrocosm clinically resilient is enough to say that a soulfulness should live, but for others, it is simply inadequate. If a persons life is lacking in ego aw beness or intrinsic presence as a human being, due to extreme carnal or mental suffering, the n that person should be able to choose a dignified death rather than an undignified existence. This is evident because of moral conscience, affable bias or nip, and financial situations.It is portrayed that heighten or environmental chemical elements plays a grapheme that net mercy killing more appealing. In short, some people tend to disregard the moral and ethical set of life when they see a person suffering. Indeed, in spite of of the moral and ethical issues that contradict the concept of euthanasia, there are certain figures it impacts society plusly, which leads it to be more socially acceptable. One factor that makes euthanasia more acceptable is because of moral conscience. It is argued that euthanasia is not considered as a good practice because it weakens the societys respect for life.It is believed that all human beings are to be valued despite of their age, gender, sex, religion, social status and their potential for achievement. However, some people who have a different perspective in regards to conscience oppose this idea. Moral conscience urges a person to do wellspring and avoid evil. In this case, the evil that is being measured in this view is prolonging the suffering of a anxious(p) person. Also, the act of accepting to end the suffering of a person is a business that is caused by conscience, which does not violate the purity of life.One of the writers from the book Euthanasia, John Shelby Spong, says that conscience really does play a role in making a decisiveness between mercy killing and natural death. He explains that In the past, when medical care was rudimentary and death seemed to be entirely in the hands of God, the issue of euthanasia was simpler. Humans had little technology that could prolong life. In modern times, however, science endows doctors with previously unimagined powers to view as a body alive even when that person no longer has any quality of life. I believe that assisting in such a persons suicide does not violate the sanctity of life.However, to prevent people from being victimized by family members who could profit from death of a relative, safeguards need to be established. These include requiring people to have animated wills specifying the extent of treatment they want in the event of a serious accident or indisposition and requiring hospitals to have a bioethics committee to help decide on issues of euthanasia. 1 In short, moral conscience helps out a end person to land up his or her suffering. In contrast, they must take into consideration that they can only perform euthanasia if the person dying agrees to get it d unmatchable.Through this, people are actually respecting the choice of the dying person since being human also means being respected. Being able to respect a persons decision, it also builds a relationship between the person dying and the person who is witnessing the suffering. This now creates a social bias between the people around them since people tend to persuade what they think is right. This is another factor that makes euthanasia more acceptable. Social bias or pressure is defined to be a prejudicial attitude towards a certain race, culture, gender, color, age, group and religion.It also tends to change a persons perspective, attitude, and values to conform norms. From the book, Euthanasia The Debate Over the Right to Die, Seamus Cavan says that According to this argument, the very fact that a person is in the end stages of a terminal illness makes it unlikely, if not impossible, that his or he decision to make pass could meet any of the proposed criteria. They point out that being in the end stages of a terminal illness is by definition an extraordinary situation that makes it difficult or impossible to make rational decision. It explains that, people in such a position, they argue, are already faced with all kinds of pressure that make it more likely that they will choose death. They may be extraordinary pain. They may feel miserable or degraded by their inability to take care of themselves. They may feel as if they are a burden to their family or loved ones, in either an emotional or financial pressure to end their life so as not to incur further medical costs. They are quite likely to be depressed, in the medical sense, by their situation and thereby unable to think clearly.Their assessment may be clouded by pain or medication. Also, social bias does really motivate a persons decision when it comes to euthanasia. It is appealing because there is an evident sense of personal responsibility and braveness made by the dying person to relieve their own pain. When they think this way, they tend to make it positive for the people around them, instead of prolonging their agony. Even though, it will be hard for the people around the dying person to accept his decision to die, it is still respected.Financial situations, like social bias, also play a role in making euthanasia more appealing. Financial situa tions are also considered as one of the factors why euthanasia should be more practiced by people. Financial situations are part of euthanasia because some people cannot afford to allowance the medical bills of that person. This is much evident especially in second and 3rd world countries because some people dont earn enough money from their jobs to pay the prices of their hospital bills. In this case, it is considered to be in a form of a passive euthanasia.Passive euthanasia occurs when a patient dies because medical professionals either dont do something necessary to keep a patient alive or stop doing something that can keep the patient alive. People who suffer from poverty, for example, index not be able to afford life-sustaining drugs or life-saving operation that would extend someones life. Passive euthanasia may also occur if doctors turn off a life-support instrument or disconnect a feeding tube, which is the only means of keeping a person alive because unfortunate people cant afford it.These actions may be carried out at the put across of a dying person or their legal representative, who is often a family member. Dr. Mark from the article alive(predicate) and Kicking also says that As people in developing countries learns about euthanasia, they are requesting it as a way of out of the misery of poverty and hopelessness. 3 These people believe that it is only through and through euthanasia that will help them save money and discontinue the suffering and pain of this person.In this concept, it is a win-win situation because both have compromised to be free from suffering physically and financially. All in all, it is primary(prenominal) to note that the levels of these factors come into information whether it can be personal, environmental, or financial. It is shown that nurture does affect the views and perspectives of people when it comes to euthanasia. Considerations have to be made whether the position from one of these areas is even acceptable . It is so, especially with the separation of the views between the dying person and society.The three factors that were mentioned earlier must be considered thoroughly in order to see its impact to be positive. In the current world of rationed care and economic rationalism, it is not hard to imagine a situation where the availability of euthanasia becomes seen as a cheaper, easier, rational option to providing intensive support, community living and care for those who wanted and needed it. There is no doubt that euthanasia brings a positive factor that opens the options for people. Certainly, euthanasia has factors that deal with society that makes it more acceptable.

Learning Team Deliverable Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Deliverable tasteCredibility is the most primary(prenominal) part of the sort outs discussion last week. The members of the team agree that liable sources must bewilder a backup make a valid argument otherwise an argument or claims could become an opinion or an invalid argument. One disadvantage of not having credible training is it could tarnish ones reputation and mis combine from audiences. Once the information has been put appear to the public, the receiver or audience could substantiate the information to ensure that it comes from credible and reliable information. The speaker builds trust among the audiences when a claim or an argument presented are credible information and comes from a trustworthy source.The group also discussed the process of a claim becoming a belief using critical thinking. When a claim occurs, active listeners will analyze the total image of the message. The message image includes the words they heard, the sensation they felt a nd all the nonverbal cues they saw. They evaluate all the information they received against what they know to be true, to verify the credibility with the claims content and source. When fallacies in the claim get uncovered, they must be encourage dissected winning out the rhetoric and emotive instigators thus, leaving the contents of a valid argument and a resolution to the claim formulated. If the response shared, the communication cycle has a chance to circle back to the sender to further argue their claim. The message is successful when a claim is found favorable.Since the internet is where we get most of our information, it is importantto examine the source of the information and ensure factual evidence and not the causes distributor point of view. In evaluating the credibility of internet sources, one must examine whether information is a fact or the authors opinion. Does it return original information or simply just links? Is the information accurate? The information nee ds to be validated against other reliable resources for comparison and evaluate the author of the information.The author should come from a reputable and known organization in his field of expertise. The website must have a list of biographical information of the author to include his position, education, affiliation, and address. Judging the reliability of sources and site on the internet is crucial since there are no regulating body that monitors its reliability and authenticity. The lists of criteria to consider are as follows the author or sponsor of the webpage should be identified and have apparent qualifications, must contain a copyright symbol and no obvious reason for biases.ReferenceMoore, B.N. Parker, R. (2009). Critical thinking. (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Retrieved from the University of okeh websitehttp//www.ou.edu/deptcomm/dodjcc/groups/02A/

Melanin-Based Racial Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Melanin-Based racial Prejudice EssayDo you think benevolents ar born to be judgmental? We usu all toldy make judgments based on what we see first, and most of the time an important factor is peel color. Social racial discrimination is known as the discrimination or intolerance of people of other races or skin colors. Racism occurs in many an(prenominal) counsellings however, it is not always obvious. Where did this type of behavior begin? Racial prejudice has many causes and effect from and on society that are inevitable. There are many ideas thrown around as to how racism began, though the truth lies in the historical facts. From sla genuinely, to imperialism, to wars, we have always felt superior towards others with different skin colors and races. No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. people must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally t o the human heart than its opposite. (Mandela, 1994). Racism has been a part of history for as long as humans existed and has been raise by early capitalisms use of slaves for plantations and colonies. Back then, the colonists and imperialists used it as a way to show domination, but it resulted in dividing the modern world. A main factor of this division is that people who gestate in stereotypes detest any communication with other races, causing a defense mechanism against them, and at long last creating tension and animosity.History is proof that coloured people have been treated unfairly and tortured over centuries. Black has always been perceived as negative. Black cats are told to be a sign of omen, smuggled clothes are worn to funerals, and hell is pictured as a deadly place change with darkness these have all caused misinterpretation and created a wrong impression in peoples minds. Last, but unfortunately not least, pictures from The Holocaust -a genocide where about s ix million Jews were killed by the Nazis down the stairs the command of Germanys Adolf Hitler- still haunt us (Mukherjee, 2014). Just as kids grow up imitating their parents, approaching generations allow grow up to be racists in a society where each individual thinks they are superior to everyone else if they have lighter skin. It is a never ending cycle that will most belike end in blustery. Children who grow up watching discrimination happen everywhere around them will end up feeling a need to bully classmates of other races. Racial discrimination has had some(prenominal) effects on society and employment. Stu excretes have shown thatpeople with darker skin colors usually have commove achieving ordinary goals like a job that pays well, a house in a nice neighborhood, and all the basic necessities. Why should a person with a darker skin tone suffer to obtain these inwrought rights and needs?The unemployment rate for African Americans in 1995 was 10.1 percent compared to 4.7 percent for white Americans (Berry, 1995). It is widely known that colored people face higher rejection rates when applying for jobs and are usually put second to whites with similar recognise characteristics and also get paid less (Ross Yinger, 1999). In addition, racism is associated with poor mental health. Studies show that the victims of bullying based on their skin color are at a greater risk of exploitation a range of psychological and mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. These conditions can set up to more serious mental disorders. Therefore, eliminating racial prejudice is vital to improving mental health and emotional stability. Even though all that is happening, proper awareness is still not being taken into consideration. Racial discrimination is often practiced subconciounsly because societies from all around the world have successfully managed to mind scour generation after generation. In movies, for example, people do not realize that the Afri can Americans usually die first. In crime scenes, they are usually the criminal.As a result of this, children are unintentionally strained to believe that dark skinned people are bad. Statistics show that majority of the public believe that African Americans are not accurately portrayed in movies. The use of offensive spoken communication regarding the Natives has become very common, as well, especially in modern rap songs. Rappers include offensive and extremely racist words in their lyrics. Another example is advertisements, and how they stress on promoting whitening beauty creams. The racism in this is not obvious, but it is obscene for the people who are not fair skinned. Finally, as a cause of inevitable racism, an innocent African American man named Michael Brown was shot fatally by a patrol officer earlier in August this year. The protesting citizens of Ferguson remain at unrest until this very day delinquent to the injustice that had occurred.In a nutshell, social racis m has had many causes and effects throughout the years collectable to the growing complexity of the world around us. Racial prejudice is surely not a biologic characteristic. In other words, humans do notdifferentiate between races because of their genetic makeup. In an example world, racism would be eliminated and justice would take over. To cut a long story short, why should the hail of melanin is someones skin define them?ResourcesMandela, N. (1994). Long walk to freedom The autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston Little, Brown. Mukherjee, R. (2014, June 18). sack up 10 Reasons why Racism Still Exists List Crux. Retrieved October 1, 2014, from http//listcrux.com/top-10-reasons-why-racism-

Plato Republic the Noble Lie Essay Example for Free

Plato state the Noble Lie Es set upAs with both other topics discussed in The Republic of Plato, the section in which he discusses the myths of the metals or the noble lie in is layered with questioning and potential symbolism, accomplishable contradiction, and a significant amount of allusion. In Chapter X of The Republic, Plato presents The Selection of Rulers The Guardians Manner of Living. In it, he discusses the necessities of teaching as they apply to the appropriate selection of and reparation for the communitys leaders. As in other atomic number 18as of The Republic, Plato c arfully outlines the delineations which corpse the basis for the types of rulers to be installed in the state. Rulers (legislative and udicial), Auxiliaries (executive), and Craftsmen (productive and fficacious) argon the titles of the categories and are ground, not on birth or wealth, plainly on natural capacities and aspirations. Plato was convinced that children born into any class shoul d still be moved up or down based on their merits regardless of their connections or heritage.He believes the citizens of the State give harbor and benefit from such(prenominal) a system and presents the idea in the form of an allegorical myth. His allegory was based in art object on the prevalent belief that some people were literally autochthonous, born from the soil, and partially from the stories of the philosopher Hesiod who chronicled the genealogy of the gods and goddesses as well as their accomplishments and exploits. Hesiods account of the Golden, Silver, and Bronze races which had succeeded one another before the occurrent to The Republics age of Iron forms the basis for the myths of the metals.Since the ancient Greeks were convinced that all myths were primarily the work of even more than ancient poets who had been inspired by the Muses, some ther divine force, or consciously invented, the lesson in the story of the metals was to be paid attention to in order to lear n the important truth (or truths) that form the core of the schooling to be transferred to the young and untrained mind of the future leaders in training.They essential have the amend sort of intelligence and ability and also they must look upon the commonwealth as their special take ? the sort of concern that is felt for something so closely bound up with oneself that its interests and fortunes, for good or ill, are held to be identical with ones own (The Republic of Plato XIII-412) Socrates tells Glaucon who naturally agrees.Socrates goes on to emphasize that the men that are chosen from among the Guardians must be those who are filled with enthusiasm and the determination to do the best they perhaps can for the greater good of the people of the commonwealth and for the organization of the commonwealth itself. He asserts that they must neer be willing to act against that collective interest. Socrates expands on his illustration of the metals and explains that the future rul ers must be make as precious metals are fashioned by careful artistry and craft.But first he asks Glaucon . . .can we devise something in the way of those convenient fictions we spoke of earlier, a single bold flight of invention, which we may induce the community in general, and if possible the Rulers themselves, to accept? (The Republic of Plato XIII-414). much(prenominal) a jokingly question, the reference to a single bold flight of invention is what has come to be known as commonly rendered by noble lie, a self-contradictory expression which is no more applicable to Platos comparatively harmless storytelling than to a 20th century political campaign publication.Such use of the noble lie suggests that he would agree to the use or be unconcerned about correcting the lies, for the most part ignoble (certainly not noble), that are now most commonly thought to be unabashed propaganda. Returning to the metaphor of crafting precious metals, Socrates tells that while all men throu ghout the land are brothers, the god who was responsible for the foot of individuals chose to mix a certain measure of gold in the substance of those most fit to rule, reservation them the most precious.He then explains that silver was the substance added to the Auxiliaries, and iron and brass to the people who were to be a part of the commonwealth as farmers or craftsmen. Socrates, in his typical fashion, covers all possible eventualities by noting that although your children will generally be like their parents, sometimes a golden parent may have a silver child or a silver parent a golden one, and so on with al the other combinations (The Republic of Plato XIII-415).Therefore, Socrates asserts, there is nothing as important as the measure and mixture of the metals in the souls of children. He concludes that if a child is born with an strong mixture of iron or brass, it is the responsibility of the parents to assure that he finds aposition and a life that best suits his nature an d they are to do so without pity or derision. Naturally, if a child is produced with gold or silver as a part of his nature, it is equally incumbent upon the arents to nurture his leadership qualities and promote him according to his worthiness and value.Socrates, however, worries aloud whether or not the general population can or will understand such a premise and Glaucon notes that it is marvelous that the idea will be understood in the first generation but that generations following and, ltimately, all of earthkind, will come to understand and honor the concept of the metals. Socrates is comforted by such a quiet thought. He is thoroughly convinced that the commonwealth will not, cannot survive if the state is passed into the dominion of a man of iron or brass.In fact, Socrates takes the allegory of the metals one step further to explain to Glaucon that the future Guardians must even be kept from concerns or desires for silver and metal since, Gold and silver, we shall tell the m, they will not need, having the divine counterparts of those metals in their souls as a god-given possession (The Republic of Plato XIII-417). He goes on to say that the Guardians are not to come in contact with gold and silver and lays out a throw by which they will neither need or desire the trappings of glory and wealth since they are always clothed in gold and silver and riches as part of their inner being.He is convinced that if an individual who is a cobbler or a farmer goes to the bad and pretends to be what he is not (The Republic of Plato XIII-420) the entire well-being of the state is not in jeopardy. But such is most certainly not the case if the person is a Guardian or Auxiliary. There is no point, Socrates says, in producing a happiness like that of a party of peasants feasting at a fair. Such a person who would aspire to such a community has something in mind other than a civic community (The Republic of Plato XIII-421). Of course, Glaucon agrees.

Potato Salad Americans Essay Example for Free

potato Salad Americans EssayEating a Healthy Diet Assignment ? Try a New Recipe (10 pts) 1. Go to the Cooking discharge website or any other website that gives you healthy recipes and chose a recipe you would like to try. Website you used Cooking begin . com Recipe you chose ? copy and paste the recipe including nutrition information in the space below. How to Make Potato Salad Americans can definitely agree on one thing Potatoes are our darling veggie. Each of us eats about a whopping 130 pounds per year. During the summer months (if not year-round), you can safely account that loads of potatoes find their way into the ubiquitous potato salad.Honestly, can you have a cookout or ginger nut without one? Despite regional interpretations, theres really one basic way to make this popular dish. And here, healthy show you how to master the technique and turn out a variety of unique, healthy salads. footstep sensation Cut to Size Cut potatoes into uniform shapes and sizes so th eyll cook evenly. If theyre different sizes, some will befit mushy while others fluent have an undesirable crunch. Low-starch varieties, like red potatoes, work best in potato salads. Step Two Start in Cold Water.Be sure to start with dust-covered water when boiling potatoes. This works to solidify the outer surfaces and helps prevent them from make outting too soft as the interior cooks, so the potatoes will hold their shape nicely in a potato salad. Step Three Add Dressing Make the dressing while the potatoes cook, and toss them with the dressing while theyre still warm so theyll absorb maximum flavor. If using dairy products, like sour cream, allow the potatoes to modify slightly before tossing to prevent curdling.Step Four Add Additional Flavors and Ingredients Customize your salad. For example, add your favorite veggies, fresh herbs, or salad greens. You can even give the salad an international flair Lemongrass adds Thai flavor chutney lends an Indian taste. 2. Try out the recipe, take a picture of you with the prepared meal and report top to class what you thought of this recipe. Would you recommend it? Will you make it again? Anything you would change the next time? To get full credit for this assignment, you need to show your picture to your instructor. Initial of instructor.

Mistakes Promote Progression Essay Example for Free

Mistakes Promote Progression EssayMistakes made are lessons learned, not the other way around. harmonise to Scientific Americans numerous experiments, they came to the conclusion that when mistakes are made, adept better remembers the chastise situate along or decision. Alexander Pope suggests that a man should never be ashamed to own he has been A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is but saying, in other words, that he is wiser at once than he was yesterday. In life, one strives for the correct purpose or the correct choice, but how can this be identified if one does not even know of the possible mistakes? To get a correct execute on a test almost has the same value as guessing correctly. Without making a mistake, there is no proof of sole knowledge. Mistakes aid in recovery, as well as progression.Furthermore, Henry L. Roediger and Bridgid Finn conduct several experiments on students in regards to study habits and pretesting effects. In one of their experiments, students were given 8 seconds to study different word pairs, such as master spirit-night, and factory-plant. When they were asked to pair the word star, approximately 5% of the students answered correctly. However, when they were given the same amount of clock to read over the pairs once more, either of them correctly matched the pairs. This proves that making mistakes show students what the wrong answers are in order to answer correctly. In addition, when perusal flashcards for a test of some sort, one should memorize the answers to each side of the card.However, when studying the first time around it is often difficult to have the right response to every single card. After departure through each card a few times, the answers become more fluent in your mind and it is later easier to remember the responsesfor the test. When one does not answer the question correctly while studying, the wrong answer sticks in the mind. As a result, the next time the sam e card comes around, one knows the wrong answer and is more likely to answer correctly. Making mistakes promotes success and progression. Making the wrong choices give the individual go across perhaps even wisdom. Mistakes are key to making right decisions, proving that, in other words, he is wiser today than he was yesterday.

Sample Questions Essay Example for Free

Sample Questions raisePrice is below the nominal of mediocre variable star appeal. b. flash-frozen woos exceed variable damages. c. reasonable set be ar rising. d. b atomic sum up 18(a) toll is higher up bonnie variable personify. 4 In the eagle-eyed run, a dinero-maximizing fast(a)ly glide by choose to exit a mart when a. Fixed cost exceed sunk be. b. Average fixed cost is rising. c. Revenue from exertion is less than fundamental costs. d. marginal cost exceeds marginal tax tax receipts at the current aim of sweepwayion. 5 When incorruptibles have an inducement to exit a competitive securities exertion, their exit both(prenominal)ow for a. Drive reduce market hurts. b. Drive down profits of existing firms in the market. . Decrease the measuring stick of goods supplied in the market. d. gibely of the above atomic number 18 correct. 6 In a absolutely competitive market, the process of entry or exit ends when a. Firms be ope thinking (prenominal) with excess electrical condenser. b. Firms are qualification zero scotch profit. c. Firms experience decreasing marginal revenue. d. Price is make up to marginal cost. 7 Equilibrium quantities in markets characterized by oligopoly is a. Lower than in monopoly markets and high than in perfectly competitive markets. b. Lower than in monopoly markets and land than in perfectly competitive markets.Higher than in monopoly markets and high than in perfectly competitive markets. d. Higher than in monopoly markets and pass up than in perfectly competitive markets. 8 In economics the central problem is a. b. c. d. e. aloneocation. Consumption. Scarcity. M aney. harvest- successionion. c. 9 Indicate below what is NOT a chemical element of labor. a. Land. b. A bank loan. c. Labor. d. Capital. 10 Macroeconomics deals with a. The behavior of firms. b. Economic aggregates. c. The activities of individual social building blocks. d. The behavior of the electronics indus try. 11 Microeconomics is non concerned with the behavior of a. substance implore. . Consumers. c. Industries. d. Firms. 12 The study of ostentation is part of a. Normative economics. b. Macroeconomics. c. Microeconomics. d. Descriptive economics. 13 Aggregate supplies is the fall amount a. Produced by the goernment. b. Of products fatherd by a given industry. c. Of labor supplied by all ho applyholds. d. Of goods and go cookd in an economy. 14 The kernel necessity for goods and receiptss in an economy is cognize as a. theme take on. b. Economy-wide gather up. c. Gross national product. d. Aggregate penury. 15 If marginal benefit is greater than marginal cost, a rational choice involves a.More of the practise. b. Less of the employment. c. No more of the activity. d. More or less, numbering on the benefits of other activities. 16 A student chooses to study be evidence the marginal benefit is greater than the ________ cost. a. fairish b. get c. marginal d. judge 17 Periods of less than full employment correspond to a. b. c. d. Points outside the occupation surmisal geld. Points inside the yield possibility curve. Points on the production possibility curve. Either denominates inside or outside the production possibility curve. 18 The circular flow of goods and incomes shows the relationship between a.Income and m iy. b. Wages and salaries. c. Goods and serve. d. Firms and households. 19 In a save market system, the amount of goods and services that any one household gets depends upon its a. Income. b. Wage and lodge in income. c. Wealth. d. Income and wealth. 20 In a planned or command economy, all the economic endings are taken by the a. Consumers. b. Workers. c. Goernment. d. Voters. Answers for six-fold Choice Questions 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (a) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (c) 11(a) 12(b) 13(d) 16(c) 17(b) 18(d) 4 (c) 9 (b) 14(d) 19(d) 5 (c) 10 (b) 15(a) 20(c) Chapter-2 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICSMultiple Choice Questions 1 The word that comes from the Greek word for one who manages a household is a. Market. b. Consumer. c. Producer. d. Economy. 2 Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. Scarcity. b. P everywherety. c. Change. d. Power. 3 Which of the pursual is NOT include in the stopping points that every society moldiness make? a. what goods testament be traind b. who lead take goods c. what determines consumer preferences d. who depart consume the goods 4 In a market economy, characterized by Capitalism, on that point is full interference by the State in the economic activities of consumers and makers. a) certain (b) wrong 5 In a market system of economy, in that location is no harmony between individual interests and interests of the community. (a)True (b) sham 6 Efficiency is the relation between returns and cost. (a)True (b) dishonorable 7 The subject matter of macro economic includes the guess of income and employment at an individual take aim. (a)True (b) delusive 8 Rational decision res ults infor the employees. a. Division of work. b. Centralization. c. Discip bend. d. Motivation 9 A Theory Y approach is more suitable where a job offers a. a high grad of intrinsic satis detailion. b.The aptitude to exercise initiative. c. An element of problem solving. d. All of the above. 10 Breech identifies four main elements of way. They are planning, control, coordination and a. The grade of work. b. Centralization. c. Discipline. d. Motivation. 11 Many thoroughly- cognize business economists participate in public debates. (a)True (b) ill-advised 12 Marginal Utility is the utility derived from the additional unit of a commodity consumed. (a)True (b) untrue 13 Compared to the static model, the seek effort in a dynamic model is likely to be a. Larger. b. Smaller. c. Similar. . Larger or smaller. 14 Land, labor, and silver are the three categories of economic resources. (a)True (b) incorrect 15 Which of the side by side(p) is not an interest swan derivative employ for interest rate management? Interest rate guarantee a. Floor b. patronage c. Cap d. All of the above are interest rate derivatives 16 An agreement which guarantees an authoriseor a minimum return on a principal amount is called a a. Cap b. Executive stock pickax c. Stock election d. Floor 17 Which of the factors listed below is not a reason for decision making in organizations being a complex process? a.Modern information systems enable hoi polloi to rate a range of affirmable outcomes b. Factors in the current context of the organization affect the decision c. some(prenominal) stakeholders leave alone have an interest in the decision d. People have to make decisions in a historical context 18 The overall process of decision making in, for example, staff selection includes which of these stages? a. deciding which exactlytfuldidate to appoint b. Identifying the need for a new member of staff c. Agreeing the job specification d. All of the above 19 A manager who is helpi ng a customer return some enclothe they purchased last week is dealing with what type of decision? . doubt b. Non-programmed decision c. Bounded rationality d. Programmed decision 20 Decision making situations laywell-nigh be categorized along a scale which ranges from a. Uncertainty to certainty to venture b. Certainty to uncertainty to risk c. Certainty to risk to uncertainty d. Certainty to risk to uncertainty to ambiguity Answers for Multiple Choice Questions 1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (c) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (d) 11(a) 12(a) 13(a) 16(d) 17(a) 18(d) 4 (b) 9 (d) 14(b) 19(d) 5 (b) 10 (d) 15(d) 20(d) Chapter-3 CONCEPT OF involve Multiple Choice Questions 1 The measurement call fored of Pepsi has descendd.The best explanation for this is that a. The expenditure of Pepsi accessiond. b. Pepsi consumers had an positively charged in income. c. Pepsis advertising is not as effective as in the past. d. The measure out of Coca Cola has assortment magnitude. 2 Demand curves are derived while r etention continual a. Income, tastes, and the equipment casualty of other goods. b. Tastes and the value of other goods. c. Income and tastes. d. Income, tastes, and the footing of the good. 3 When the step-down in the toll of one good causations the study for another good to go down, the goods are a. Normal b. Inferior c. Substitutes d.Complements 4 Suppose the pray for good Z goes up when the legal injury of good Y goes down. We can say that goods Z and Y are a. Substitutes. b. Complements. c. Unrelated goods. d. Perfect rest periods. 5 If the lease for coffee decreases as income decreases, coffee is a. An small good. b. A normal good. c. A complemental good. d. A alternative good. 6 Which of the pursual will NOT cause a shift in the supplicate curve for compact discs? a. A transplant in the toll of pre-recorded cassette tapes. b. A flip in income. c. A miscellanea in the charge of compact discs. d. A transform in wealth. When excess command occurs in an u nregulated market, there is a tendency for a. measurement supplied to decrease. b. meter demanded to en turgid. c. Price to ascending. d. Price to fall. 8 Market counterbalance exists when _____________ at the prevailing fiscal value. a. b. c. d. step demanded is less than measuring stick supplied quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded quantity demanded equals quantity supplied quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied 9 A movement along the demand curve to the left may be caused by a. A decrease in tack oning. b. A rise in the worth of inputs. c.A fall in the image of substitute goods. d. A rise in income. 10 The quantity demanded of a product rises whenever (a) The products charge waterfall. (b) Incomes make up. (c) Population increases. (d) The wrongs of substitute goods rise. (e) Consumer tastes and preferences change. 11 The counterpoise quantity moldiness fall when (a) at that place is a decrease in demand. (b) There is a decrease in sh ow. (c) There is an increase in price. (d) There is an increase in demand and append. (e) There is a decrease in demand and publish 12 The demand curve will shift to the left for roughly consumer goods when (a) Incomes decrease. b) The prices of substitutes fall. (c) The prices of complements increase (d) All of the above. 13 Producer goods, in any case called intermediate goods, in economics, goods manufactured and used in further manufacturing, processing, or resale. (a)True (b) preposterous 14 Consumer goods are alternately called final goods, and the second term makes more sense in understanding the concept. (a)True (b) out of true 15 GDP stands for a. Gross Domestic Product b. Gross Deistic Product c. Gross dynamic product d. All of these 16 GNP stands for a. Gross national product b. Gross natural product c. some(prenominal) (a)and (b) d.None of these 17 When the demand for a product is tied to the purchase of some parent product, its demand is called induced or derive d. (a)True (b) fictional 18 An industry is the aggregate of firms (a)True (b) bastard 19 The law of demand implies that a. As prices fall, quantity demanded increases. b. As prices rise, quantity demanded increases. c. As prices fall, demand increases. d. As prices rise, demand decreases. 20 When the market operates without interference, price increases will distri exactlye what is available to those who are willing and able to pay the most. This process is known as a. Price rationing. . Price fixing. c. Quantity adjustment. d. Quantity setting Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (c) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (c) 11(d) 12(d) 13(a) 16(a) 17(a) 18(a) 4 (b) 9 (a) 14(a) 19(a) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(a) 20(a) Chapter-4 DETERMINATION OF DEMAND 1 The demand for a product or a service depends on a troops of factors. (a)True (b) False 2 Demand curves may also be shifted by changes in expectations. (a)True (b) False 3 Quantity demand is a specific quantity that buyers are willing and able to b uy at a specific demand price. (a)True (b) False 4 If the price of a complement increases, all else equal, a.Quantity demanded will increase. b. Quantity supplied will increase. c. Demand will increase. d. Demand will decrease. 5 Which of the following would lead to an INCREASE in the demand for golf balls? a. An decrease in the price of golf balls. b. An increase in the price of golf clubs. c. A decrease in the cost of producing golf balls. d. An increase in average household income when golf balls are a normal good. 6 If input prices increase, all else equal, a. Quantity supplied will decrease. b. Supply will increase. c. Supply will decrease. d. Demand will decrease. 7 Which of the following would decrease the tot up of wheat? . A decrease in the price of pesticides. b. An increase in the demand for wheat. c. A rise in the price of wheat. d. An increase in the price of corn. 8 When Sonoma Vineyards increases the price of its Chardonnay from $15 per nursing bottle to $20 per bot tle, the result is a decrease in a. The quantity of this wine demanded. b. The quantity of this wine supplied. c. The demand for this wine. d. The tally of this wine. 9 Which of the following will cause a change in quantity supplied? a. technical change. b. A change in input prices. c. A change in the market price of the good. d. A change in the way out of firms in the market. 0 In which of the following cases will the effect on symmetricalness outturn be indeterminate (i. e. , depend on the magnitudes of the shifts in tack on and demand)? a. Demand decreases and tack on decreases. b. Demand remains invariable and supply increases. c. Demand decreases and supply increases. d. Demand increases and supply increases. 11 An increase in the number of firms selling pizza will cause, ceteris paribus, (a) an increase in supply. (b) an increase in demand. (c) a decrease in quantity demanded. (d) a decrease in the quantity supplied. 12 A change in demand is a change in the ENTIRE deman d relation. a)True (b) False 13 The demand for a given product will rise if a. Incomes rise for a normal good or fall for an inferior good b. The price of a complement falls c. The price of a substitute rises d. All of these 14 Two explanations for the law of demand are (a) Price and quantity effects. (b) Substitution and income effects. (c) chance cost and substitution effects. (d) Substitutes and inferior goods. (e) None of the above. 15 An increase in demand, ceteris paribus, will usually cause (a) A decrease in quantity demanded. (b) an increase in quantity supplied. (c) an increase in supply. d) a higher quantity and a lower price. 16. The quantity demanded of a product rises whenever (a) the products price falls. (b) incomes increase. (c) race increases. (d) the prices of substitute goods rise 17 The demand curve is down(prenominal)-sloping because at a higher price for a good (ceteris paribus) (a) people buy fewer substitutes. (b) people buy more complements. (c) people l ook for for substitutes. (d) income rises. (e) substitutes become complements. 18 The supply curve is upward-sloping because at higher prices for a good (a) consumers search out more substitutes. (b) consumer income increases. c) demand is lower. (d) None of the above. 19 If the factors held continual along a supply or demand curve change, (a) the equilibrium may change. (b) the demand and supply equilibrium may be disrupted. (c) the supply or demand curve may shift. (d) All of the above. 20 If the price of crackers goes up when the price of cheese goes down, crackers and cheese are (a) inferior goods. (b) substitutes. (c) both substitutes and complements. (d) complements Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (a) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(a) 13(d) 16(a) 17(c) 18(d) 4 (d) 9 (c) 14(b) 19(a) 5 (d) 10 (c) 15(b) 20(d)Chapter-5 PRICE ginger nut OF DEMAND 1 If the price pushover of demand for a good is . 75, the demand for the good can be described as a. normal b. elastic c. inferior d. inelastic. 2. When the price of a product is increased 10 pct, the quantity demanded decreases 15 percent. In this range of prices, demand for this product is a. elastic b. inelastic c. cross-elastic. d. unitary elastic. 3. If the price piece of cake of demand for a product is equal to 0. 5, whence a 10 percent decrease in price will a. increase quantity demanded by 5 percent. b. increase quantity demanded by 0. percent. c. decrease quantity demanded by 5 percent. d. decrease quantity demanded by 0. 5 percent. 4 If an increase in the supply of a product results in a decrease in the price, but no change in the actual quantity of the product exchanged, so a. the price piece of cake of supply is zero. b. the price ginger nut of supply is infinite. c. the price press stud of demand is unitary. d. the price press stud of demand is zero. 5. If century units of product K are sold at a unit price of $10 and 75 units of product K are sold at a unit price of $15, one c an conclude that in this price range a. emand for product K is elastic. b. demand for product K is inelastic. c. demand for product K has shifted to the right. d. consumers are sensitive to price changes of product K. 6 kernel revenue falls as the price of a good increases if price ela sticity of demand is a. elastic. b. inelastic c. unitary elastic d. perfectly elastic. 7 The demand for Cheerios ce objective is more price-elastic than the demand for cereals as a whole. This is best explained by the fact that a. Cheerios are a luxury. b. cereals are a necessity. c. there are more substitutes for Cheerios than for cereals as a whole. d. onsumption of cereals as a whole is greater than consumption of Cheerios. 8 What is the most likely effect of the development of television, videocassette players, and lease photographs on the movie household industry? a. b. c. d. decreased costs of producing movies increased demand for movie theater tickets movie theater tickets become an inferio r good increased price elasticity of demand for movie theater tickets 9 The price elasticity of demand will increase with the length of the period to which the demand curve pertains because a. consumers incomes will increase. b. the demand curve will shift outward. . all prices will increase over fourth dimension. d. consumers will be better able to find substitutes. 10. A state political science wants to increase the valuatees on cigarettes to increase tax revenue. (a)True (b) False 11 This tax would only be effective in breeding new tax revenues if the price elasticity of demand is a. unity b. elastic c. inelastic d. perfectly elastic. 12. Sony is considering a 10 percent price reduction on its color television sets. If the demand for sets in this price range is inelastic A) revenues from color sets will remain constant. B) revenues derived from color sets will decrease.C) revenues derived from color sets will increase. D) the number of television sets sold will decrease 13 Ela sticity of demand for a commodity with follow to change in its price. (a)True (b) False 14 An elasticity alternative in which infinitesimally small changes in price cause infinitely Brobdingnagian changes in quantity. (a)True (b) False 15 Three factors that affect the numerical value of the price elasticity of demand are the a. b. c. d. availability of substitutes time period of analysis proportion of compute All of these 16 The price elasticity of demand is one of four common elasticitys used in the analysis of the market. a)True (b) False 17 Cross elasticity of demand is a. negative for complementary goods b. unitary for inferior goods. c. negative for substitute goods d. positive for inferior goods. 18. A positive cross elasticity of demand coefficient indicates that a. a product is an inferior good. b. a product is a normal good. c. cardinal products are substitute goods. d. two products are complementary goods. 19 A market without legal prices is in equilibrium when a. qua ntity demanded equals price. b. the demand curve remains constant. c. quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. d. uantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied. 20 A relatively small change, say 1% on an INR 100,000 house, can make a BIG exit in the buyers decision to buy. (a)True (b) False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (d) 10 (a) 11(d) 12(c) 13(a) 14(a) 15(d) 16(a) 17(a) 18(c) 19(c) 20(a) Chapter-6 TYPES OF ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND 1 If it is notice that, in a crabby market, price has risen and quantity exchanged has increased, it is likely that a. supply has increased. b. supply has decreased. c. demand has increased. d. emand has decreased. 2 The quantity of a good demanded rises from 1000 to 1500 units when the price falls from $1. 50 to $1. 00 per unit. The price elasticity of demand for this product is approximately a. 1. 0 b. 16 c. 2. 5 d. 4. 0 3 If the elasticity of demand for a commodity is estimated to be 1 . 5, then a decrease in price from $2. 10 to $1. 90 would be expected to increase daily sales by a. 50% b. 1. 5% c. 5% d. 15% 4 A long-run demand curve, as compared to a brusque-run demand curve for the kindred commodity, is principally a. more elastic b. less elastic c. of the same elasticity d. no(prenominal) of the above. The price elasticity of demand is 5. 0 if a 10 percent increase in the price results in a a. 2%decrease in quantity demanded. b. 5%decrease in quantity demanded. c. 10% decrease in quantity demanded d. 50% decrease in quantity demanded. 6 Demand for a good will likely be more elastic, a. The higher the level of income. b. The larger the proportion of monthly income spent on it. c. The fewer the good substitutes available. d. The higher the price of complementary goods. 7 Demand will be more elastic, a. The higher the income. b. The lower the price. c. The buncoer the passage of time after a permanent price increase. . The more substitutes available for the good. 8 The price elasticity of demand measures the sensitivity of demand to price changes. (a)True (b) False 9 If a good has no close substitutes and is regarded as a necessity by legion(predicate) consumers, then demand for the good will be quite elastic. (a)True (b) False 10 Cross elasticity of demand is the ratio of the percentage change in demand for a good to the percentage change in price for another. (a)True (b) False 11 A 50 percent increase in price that results in a 90 percent decrease in the quantity demanded indicates that demand is elastic in this price range. a)True (b)False 12 Demands for most goods tend to become more elastic with the passage of time. (a)True (b) False 13 If two goods are substitutes, then an increase in the price of one good will leads to an increase in the demand for the other good. (a)True (b) False 14 If two goods are complements, then a decrease in the price of one good will results in a decrease in the demand of the other good. (a)True (b) Fa lse 15 The price elasticity of demand is the same as the slope of the demand curve. (a)True (b) False 16 If demand is price elastic, then a. a rise in price will raise sum up revenue. b. a fall in price will raise lend revenue. . a fall in price will lower the quantity demanded. d. a rise in price wont have any effect on total revenues. 17 Complementary goods have a. The same elasticitys of demand. b. very low price elasticity of demand. c. negative cross price elasticity of demand with respect to each other. d. positive income elasticity of demand. 18 The price elasticity of demand habitually tends to be a. smaller in the long run than in the shortstop run. b. smaller in the short run than in the long run. c. larger in the short run than in the long run. d. misrelated to the length of time. 19 If the price elasticity of supply of doodads is 0. 0 and the price increases by 3 percent, then the quantity supplied of doodads will rise by a. 0. 60 percent. b. 0. 20 percent c. 1. 8 p ercent d. 18 percent. 20 If the cross-price elasticity between two commodities is 1. 5, a. The two goods are luxury goods. b. The two goods are complements. c. The two goods are substitutes. d. The two goods are normal goods. Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (d) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(a) 13(a) 16(b) 17(c) 18(b) 4 (a) 9 (b) 14(b) 19(c) 5 (d) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(c) Chapter-7 SUPPLY ANALYSIS 1 The cost of factor inputs like land, labor, and capital has a major influence on supply. a)True (b) False 2 Which of the following factors will make the demand for a product more elastic? (Assume the product has a peachy-line, downward sloping demand. ) a. The product has no close substitutes. b. A very small proportion of income is spent on the good. c. A long time period has elapsed since the products price changed. d. A lower price 3 For a given normal supply curve, the amount of a tax paying by the buyer will be larger a. the more elastic the demand. b. the more inelastic the demand. c. the income elasticity is equal to zero d. when the price is high. With a perfectly elastic demand and a normal supply (upward-slopping) a. consumers will bear the entire tax saddle. b. consumers will not bear any tax burden. c. consumers and producer will split the tax burden in half. d. producers will not bear any tax burden. 5 Which of the following leads to the producers paying all of a tax? a. The supply is perfectly elastic. b. The supply is perfectly inelastic. c. The demand is unit elastic. d. The demand is perfectly inelastic. 6 The incidence (split) of sales tax is determined by the a. level of government which imposes the tax. b. federal government in all cases. c. greed of the marketer. d. rice elasticity of supply and demand. 7 The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curve. (a)True (b) False 8 Supply determinants are five ceteris paribus factors that are held constant when a supply curve is constructed. (a)True (b) False 9 Supply is the willingness and ability of producers to make a specific quantity of end product available to consumers at a contingent price over a given period of time. (a)True (b) False 10 Individuals supply factors of production to firms. (a)True (b) False 11 The supply curve for tomatoes is not thus more elastic in the short run than in the momentary period. (a)True (b)False 2 Macroeconomic studies are based on empirical evidence. (a)True (b)False 13 Demand curve slopes upwards from left to right. (a) True (b)False 14 In the market, anyone who agrees to pay the requisite price of a product would be excluded from their consumption. (a) True (b)False 15 Aglets are the metal or plastic tips on shoelaces that make it easier to lace your station. The demand for aglets is probably a. perfectly elastic. b. inelastic. c. elastic but not perfectly elastic. d. unit elastic. 16 The cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a occurrence good to cha nges in the prices of a.Its complements but not its substitutes. b. its substitutes but not its complements. c. its substitutes and its complements d. neither its substitutes nor its complements. 17 If goods are complements, definitely their a. income elasticitys are negative b. income elasticitys are positive. c. cross elasticitys are positive. d. cross elasticitys are negative. 18 If a rise in the price of good 1 decreases the quantity of good 2 demanded, a. the cross elasticity of demand is negative b. good 1 is an inferior good. c. good 2 is an inferior good d. the cross elasticity of demand is positive. 9 The price elasticity of demand generally tends to be a. smaller in the long run than in the short run. b. smaller in the short run than in the long run. c. larger in the short run than in the long run. d. unrelated to the length of time. 20 The demand for your services becomes more elastic. (a)True (b)False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (b) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (a) 11(b) 12(a) 13(b) 16(c) 17(d) 18(a) 4 (b) 9 (a) 14(b) 19(b) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(a) Chapter-8 performance DECISION 1 Which of the following occasions is not a core function of an organisation? a. The product/service development function b.The exertions function c. The accounting and finance function d. The marketing (including sales) function 2 Most trading operations produce a mixture of both products and services. Which of the following businesses is closest to producing dainty services? a. IT go with b. A Restaurant c. Counsellor/therapist d. Steel company 3 Operations can be classified according to their volume and variety of production as well as the degree of stochastic variable and visibility. Which of the following operations would be classified as high volume, low variety? a. A family doctor b. A carpenter c. A front office bank d.A lush solid food restaurant 4 Which of the following activities is not a direct responsibility of operations management? a. inten t the operations products, services and processes b. Planning and controlling the operation c. Developing an operations strategy for the operation d. Determining the exact mix of products and services that customers will want 5 Operations can be classified according to the degree of variation in demand and visibility of the operation as well as their volume and variety of production. Which of the following operations would be classified as high variation and high visibility? a. A front office bank b.A family doctor c. A fast food restaurant d. A carpenter 6 The production function incorporates the technically efficient system of . a. production. b. process c. function d. All of these 7 A fixed input is one whose quantity cannot be varied during the time under consideration. (a)True (b)False 8 Economists find it convenient to distinguish between the . and the long run. a. short run b. large run c. big run d. None of these 9 The law of variable proportions states that as the quantity of one factor is increased, keeping the other factors fixed, the marginal product of that factor will in conclusion decline. a)True (b)False 10 MRP stands for a. Marginal Revenue Product b. Marginal Revenue process c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of these 11 The book value of old equipment is not a applicable cost in a decision. (a)True (b)False 12. cardinal of the dangers of allocating common fixed costs to a product line is that such(prenominal) allocations can make the line appear less profitable than it really is. (a)True (b)False 13. A differential cost is a variable cost. (a)True (b)False 14. All future costs are relevant in decision making. (a)True (b)False 15. Variable costs are perpetually relevant costs. (a)True (b)False 6 Only the variable costs set with a product are relevant in a decision concerning whether to eliminate the product. (a)True (b)False 17 Managers should pay little attention to bottleneck operations because they have limited capacity for producing sidin g. (a)True (b)False 18 A cost that does not affect a decision is called an a. opportunity cost b. incremental cost c. evitable cost d. irrelevant cost 19. constitutes that change between alternatives are called a. fixed costs. b. opportunity costs. c. crelevant costs. d. sunk costs. 20. A cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed by any future action is a(n) a. pportunity cost b. sunk cost c. relevant cost d. avoidable cost Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6 (a) 7 (a) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(a) 13(b) 16(b) 17(b) 18(d) 4 (d) 9 (a) 14(b) 19(c) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(b) Chapter-9 ISOQUANT AND PRODUCTION FUNCTION 1 Economists typically assume that the owners of firms wish to a. produce efficiently. b. maximize sales revenues. c. maximize profits. d. All of these. 2 Efficient production occurs if a firm a. cannot produce its current level of output with fewer inputs. b. given the quantity of inputs, cannot produce more output. c. maximizes profit. d. All of the abov e. especial(a) liability is a benefit to a. sole proprietorships. b. partnerships. c. corporations. d. all of the above. 4 Which of the following statements best describes a production function? a. the maximum profit generated from given levels of inputs b. the maximum level of output generated from given levels of inputs c. all levels of output that can be generated from given levels of inputs d. all levels of inputs that could produce a given level of output 5 With respect to production, the short run is best defined as a time period a. unchanging about six months. b. lasting about two years. c. in which all inputs are fixed. d. n which at least one input is fixed. 6 In the long run, all factors of production are a. variable. b. fixed. c. materials. d. rented. 7 The short-term production functions for Alberts Pretzels. The marginal productivity of labor equals the average productivity of labor a. for all levels of labor. b. at none of the levels of labor. c. only for the arch etypical worker. d. only for the fifth worker. 8 the short-run production function for Alberts Pretzels. The law of diminishing marginal productivity a. appears with the second worker. b. has not yet appeared for any of the levels of labor. c. runner appears with the fifth worker. d. s refuted by this evidence. 9 If the average productivity of labor equals the marginal productivity of labor, then a. the average productivity of labor is at a maximum. b. the marginal productivity of labor is at a maximum. c. Both A and B above. d. Neither A nor B above. 10 Average productivity will fall as long as a. marginal productivity is falling. b. it exceeds marginal productivity. c. it is less than marginal productivity. d. the number of workers is change magnitude. 11 Factors of production are a) inputs and outputs. b) outputs only c) inputs only d) the minimum set of inputs that can produce a certain fixed quantity of output. 2 The set of all pairs (z1, z2) of inputs that yield the output y is the y-is quant. (a)True (b)False 13 L-shaped isoquants imply that production requires that the inputs are perfect substitutes. a. are imperfect substitutes. b. cannot be used together. c. must be used together in a certain proportion. d. None of these 14 Isoquants that are downward-sloping straight lines imply that the inputs a. are perfect substitutes. b. are imperfect substitutes. c. cannot be used together. d. must be used together in a certain proportion. 15 Isoquants that are downward-sloping straight lines exhibit a. n increasing marginal rate of technical substitution. b. a decreasing marginal rate of technical substitution. c. a constant marginal rate of technical substitution. d. a marginal rate of technical substitution that cannot be determined. 16 The profit maximization firm will choose the least cost combination of factors to produce at any given level of output. (a)True (b) False 17 The production function is useful in deciding on the additional value of employing a variable input in the production process. (a)True (b) False 18 The additional use of an input factor should be stopped when its marginal revenue productivity just equals its price. a)True (b) False 19 The least cost combination of-factors or producers equilibrium is now explained with the help of .. curves and iso costs. a. iso product b. iso process c. Both(a) and (b) d. None of these 20 MRTS stands for.. a. Marginal rate of technical complex body part b. Marginal rate of technical substitution c. Both(a) and (b) d. None of these Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (d) 2 (d) 3 (c) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (a) 11(c) 12(a) 13(c) 16(a) 17(a) 18(a) 4 (b) 9 (a) 14(a) 19(a) 5 (d) 10 (b) 15(c) 20(b) Chapter-10 THEORY OF COST 1 The cost of capital is critically important in finance. a)True (b)False An implicit cost is a. the cost of giving up an alternative b. the cost of a chosen alternative c. calculated by subtracting the monetary cost. d. none of the above 3 The historical cost of an asse t refers to the actual cost incurred at the time the asset was acquired. (a)True (b) False 4 An Explicit cost is a business expense accounted cost that can be substantially identified such as wage, rent and materials. (a)True (b) False 5 Private is the cost that has to be paid by an individual who is directly involved in the production or consumption of a particular good. a)True (b) False 6 Social cost or external cost is not the cost burden carried by individuals who are not directly involved in the production or consumption of that particular good (a)True (b) False 7 Average cost is the sum total of Average variable it and average fixed cost. (a)True (b) False 8 Cost-output relationship facilitates numerous managerial relationships such as a. Formulating the standards of operations. b. Formulating the rational polity on plant size. c. Formulating a policy of profit prediction. d. All of these 9 Cost in the short-run can be classified intoand variable cost. a. fixed cost b. sse t c. both (a) and (b) d. None of these 10 Total fixed costs remained fixed irrespective of increase or decrease in production of activity. (a)True (b) False 11 Marginal costs is the change in total cost resulting from unit change in.. a. output b. input c. both(a) and (b) d. None of these 12 The . implies that the cost of production continues to be low till the firm reaches the optimum scale (Marginal cost = Average cost). a. V-shape b. Q-shape c. U-shape d. All of these 13 Scale economies and returns to scale generally produce a U-shaped long-run average cost curve, such as the one displayed to the right. a) True (b) False 14 __________ is concerned with the branch of economics relating the behavior of principals and their agents. a. Financial management b. Profit maximization c. theatrical opening d. Social responsibility 15 A concept that implies that the firm should consider issues such as defend the consumer, paying fair wages, maintaining fair hiring practices, supporting e ducation, and considering environmental issues. a. Financial management b. Profit maximization c. Agency theory d. Social responsibility 16 Which of the following is not normally a responsibility of the treasurer of the modern corporation but rather the controller? . Budgets and forecasts b. Asset management c. Investment management d. finance management 17 The __________ decision involves determining the appropriate make-up of the righthand side of the balance sheet. a. asset management b. financing c. investment funds d. capital budgeting 18 A long-run is also expressed as a series of short-runs. (a)True (b)False 19 Which of the following are used in calculating opportunity costs? a. monetary costs b. the cost of time c. preference d. all of the above 20 An explicit cost is a. the cost of giving up an alternative b. the cost of a chosen alternative c. alculated by subtracting the monetary cost of an alternative by the time invested d. none of the above Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (d) 11(a) 12(c) 13(a) 16(a) 17(b) 18(a) 4 (a) 9 (a) 14(c) 19(d) 5 (a) 10 (a) 15(d) 20(b) Chapter-11 MARKET STRUCTURE, AND PRICING 1 Which of the following cannot be classed as a market structure? a. Oligopoly. b. Perfect disputation. c. Communism. d. Monopolistic competition. 2 Income and population are two variables that can be used in ______ segmentation a. psychographic b. demographic c. lifestyle d. behavioural 3 Strong exchange rates can a. help stimate consumer purchasing power. b. help predict change in lifestyle across Europe. c. predict the evolution of sales for particular brands. d. drive imports to become cheaper. 4 BERI stands for a. melody Economic Risk Index. b. Business Economic Rating International. c. Business Education Rating Indicator. d. Business Environment Risk Index. 5 The size and liquidity requirements are based on the minimum invest ability requirements for the MSCI Global Standard Indices. (a) True (b) False 6 Oligopoly is a market structure in which a small number of firms account for the whole industrys output. (a) True (b) False The number of firms and product differentiation are extremely crucial in determining the nature of competition in a market. (a) True (b) False 8 type of market structure represented by the constant returns to scale (CRS) technology includes a. Monopolistic competition b. Oligopoly c. Duopoly d. Perfect competition 9 In industries in which there are scale economies, the variety of goods that a country can produce is constrained by a. the fixed cost b. the size of the labor force c. the marginal cost d. the size of the market 10 A monopoly firm engaged in international patronage but enjoying a protected home market will a. quate marginal costs with foreign marginal revenues. b. equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and foreign markets c. equate average costs in local and foreign markets d. none of the above 11 Minimum efficient scale of p roduction in relation to the overall industry output and market requirement sometimes play a major role in do the market structure. (a)True (b) False 12 Price and output decisions of firms that want to maximize profits always depend on costs. (a) True (b) False 13 Which of the following is NOT a financial objective of determine? a. Corporate growth. b.Return on investment. c. Profit maximization. d. None of these 14 Which of the following is NOT a marketing objective? a. Cash flow. b. Positioning. c. Volume sales. d. None of these 15 Setting a price below that of the competition is called a. Skimming. b. Penetration pricing. c. Competitive pricing. d. None of these 16 Which of the following is NOT a reason for cutting prices? a. efficiency utilisation. b. Increasing profit margins. c. Market defence. d. None of these 17 Which of the following is NOT a reason for increasing prices? a. Cost pressures. b. Price comparison. c. Curbing demand. d.None of these 18 The costs that depend on output in the short run are a. both total variable costs and total costs. b. total costs only. c. total fixed cost only. d. total variable costs only 19 A firm will shut down in the short run if a. fixed costs exceed revenues. b. total costs exceed revenues. c. it is suffering a loss. d. variable costs exceed revenues. 20 In the long run, every cost is variable cost. In this period, all costs ever incurred by the firm must be recovered. (a)True (b) False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (b) 3 (d) 6 (a) 7 (a) 8 (d) 11(a) 12(a) 13(a) 16(b) 17(b) 18(a) (d) 9 (d) 14(a) 19(d) 5 (a) 10 (b) 15(b) 20(a) Chapter-12 PERFECT COMPETITION 1. A perfectly competitive firm will maximize profit at the quantity at which the firms marginal revenue equals a. price b. average revenue c. total cost d. marginal cost 2 Which of the following is not a valid option for a perfectly competitive firm? a. Increasing its output. b. Decreasing its output. c. Increasing its price. d. Increasing its resources. 3 In the long run, a perfectly competitive firm will achieve all but which of the following a. Economic profit b. Allocative Efficiency c. Productive Efficiency d.Normal profit 4 If the price a firm receives for its product is equal to the marginal cost of producing that product, the firm is a. eer earning an economic profit b. Always productively efficient. c. Always allocatively efficient. d. Always experiencing an economic loss. 5 A firm that is producing at the lowest possible average cost is always a. Earning an economic profit. b. Productively efficient. c. Dominating the other firms in the market. d. Not producing decent output. 6 Which of the following is the best example of a perfectly competitive market? a. diamonds b. athletic shoes c. soft drinks d. arming 7 Perfect competition is an industry with a. a few firms producing identical goods. b. many firms producing goods that differ somewhat. c. a few firms producing goods that differ somewhat in quality. d. ma ny firms producing identical goods. 8 In a perfectly competitive industry, there are a. many buyers and many sellers. b. many sellers, but there big businessman be only one or two buyers. c. many buyers, but there might be only one or two sellers. d. one firm that sets the price for the others to follow. 9 In perfect competition, the product of a single firm a. is sold to different customers at different prices. b. as many perfect complements produced by other firms. c. has many perfect substitutes produced by other firms. d. is sold under many differing brand names. 10 In perfect competition, restrictions on entry into an industry a. do not exist. b. apply to labor but not to capital. c. apply to both capital and labor. d. apply to capital but not to labor. 11 Price for a firm under monopolistic competition is ______. a. equal to marginal revenue b. greater than marginal revenue c. less than marginal revenue d. greater than total revenue 12 In the long run, monopolistically compet itive firms tend to experience ______. a. high economic profits b. ero economic profits c. negative economic profits d. substantial economic losses 13 Marginal revenue for a monopolist is ______ a. equal to price b. greater than price c. less than price d. equal to average revenue 14 Perfect competitions describes a market structure whose assumptions are extremely strong and highly unlikely to exist in most real-time and real-world markets. (a)True (b) False 15 Monopolistic competition is a market structure characterized by a large number of relatively small firms. (a)True (b) False 16 A monopolist can sell more of his output only at a lower price and can reduce the sale at a high price. a)True (b) False 17 A monopoly is a market structure in which there is not only one producer/seller for a product. (a)True (b) False 18 A perfectly competitive firm produces the profit-maximizing quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost. (a)True (b) False 19 A perfectly com petitive firm faces .. production alternatives based on a comparison of price, average total cost, and average variable cost. a. four short-run b. three short-run c. five short-run d. All of these 20 A perfectly competitive firms marginal cost curve that lies above the .. of the average variable cost curve is its supply curve. . minimum b. maximum c. both(a) and (b) d. None of these Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (d) 2 (c) 3 (a) 6 (d) 7 (d) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(b) 13(a) 16(b) 17(b) 18(a) 4 (c) 9 (c) 14(a) 19(b) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(a) 20(a) Chapter-13 OLIGOPOLY AND PRICING STRATEGIES 1 A price- and quantity-fixing agreement is known as a. game theory. b. price leadership. c. collusion. d. price concentration. 2 A group of firms that gets together to make price and output decisions is called a. a contract. b. price leadership. c. an oligopoly. d. a concentrated industry 3 Products produced by oligopolistic ? rms are a. Homogeneous. b. heterogenous. . Differentiated. d. Heterogeneous or differentiated. 3 Oligopoly is the only market structure characterized by a. Interdependence in pricing and output decisions. b. Differentiated products. c. Barriers to entry. d. Pro? t-maximizing behavior. 4 Oligopoly is characterized by all of the following except a. A few large ? rms. b. Differentiated product. c. Difficult entry into the industry. d. Price competition 5 A major threat to perennial term profits exists when barriers to entry into an industry are high. (a)True (b) False 6 Under kinked demand theory the prices of oligopolists are predicted to be rather rigid or sticky. a)True (b) False 7 In contestable markets, large oligopolistic firms end up behaving like a. a monopoly. b. monopolistically competitive firms. c. a cartel. d. perfectly competitive firms 8 Which of the following types of oligopoly competition would you expect to result in the highest market output, other things equal? a. b. c. d. Stackelberg. Bertrand. Cornet. Collusion 9 The demand curve has a k ink at the price which is equal to full cost price. (a) True (b) False 10. An pro? t maximizing, oligopolistic firms produces at an output level where a. P = ATC. b. MR = MC. c. MR = ATC. d. AVC gt MR. e.P = MR 11 Cartels are most likely to arise in which of the following market structures? a. Perfect competition. b. Monopolistic Competition. c. Oligopoly. d. Monopoly. 12 A cartel is a formal collusive organization of the oligopoly firms in an industry. (a) True (b) False 13 Needs such as provision the group, setting standards and maintaining discipline, and appointing sub-leaders may be called a. team functions. b. work functions. c. individual functions. d. task functions. 14 The Hall and flitch model of the kinked demand curve is based on an empirical survey of a sample of 38 well managed arms in England. a) True (b) False 15 The model uses the uninflected tools of reaction functions of the duopolists derived on the basis of is not profit curves. (a) True (b) False 16 The impor tant models of non-collusive oligopoly are (a) Cournot model, (b) Kinked Oligopoly demand curve models. (a) True (b) False 17 Which of the following is not an operations strategy? a. response b. low-cost leadership c. differentiation d. technology 18 Which of the following is not one of the leadership styles identified in Houses pathgoal theory? a. Participative. b. Employee-centered. c. Directive. d. Achievement-oriented. 9 The petroleum industry is an example of a. monopolistic competition. b. pure oligopoly. c. duopoly. d. differentiated oligopoly. 20 The kinked demand curve model assumes that a. firms match price increases, but not price cuts. b. demand is more elastic for price cuts than for price increases. c. changes in marginal cost can never lead to changes in market price. d. None of the above is correct. Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (d) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (b) 11(b) 12(c) 13(a) 16(a) 17(d) 18(b) 4 (a) 9 (b) 14(a) 19(b) 5 (d) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(d) Chapter-14 PROFIT ANALYSIS 1.A variable cost is a cost that a. varies per unit at every level of activity b. occurs at various times during the year c. varies in total in proportion to changes in the level of activity d. may not be incurred, depending on managements discretion 2. A cost which remains constant per unit at various levels of activity is a a. variable cost b. fixed cost c. mixed cost d. manufacturing cost 3. A fixed cost is a cost which a. varies in total with changes in the level of activity b. remains constant per unit with changes in the level of activity c. varies inversely in total with changes in the level of activity d. emains constant in total with changes in the level of activity 4. Cost behavior analysis is a study of how a firms costs a. relate to competitors costs b. relate to general price level changes c. respond to changes in activity levels within the company d. respond to changes in the crude(a) national product 5. Cost behavior analysis applies to a. retailers b. wholesalers c. manufacturers d. all entities 6. The relevant range of activity refers to the a. geographical areas where the company plans to operate b. activity level where all costs are curving c. levels of activity over which the company expects to operate d. evel of activity where all costs are constant 7. Which of the following is not a plausible explanation of why variable costs often behave in a curvilinear vogue? a. Labor specialization b. Overtime wages c. Total variable costs are constant within the relevant range d. Availability of quantity discounts 8. Firms in operation(p) constantly at 100% capacity a. are common b. are the exception rather than the rule c. have no fixed costs d. have no variable costs 9. Which one of the following is a name for the range over which a company expects to operate? a. Mixed range b. Fixed range c. Variable range d. pertinent range 10 The graph of variable costs that behave in a curvilinear fashion will a. approximate a straight lin e within the relevant range b. be sharply kinked on both sides of the relevant range c. be downward sloping d. be a stair-step expression 11. A mixed cost contains a. a variable cost element and a fixed cost element b. both selling and administrative costs c. both retailing and manufacturing costs d. both operating and non-operating costs 12. The variable cost regularity is also known as the direct cost method indirect cost approach absorption costing method period costing approach 13.The costing approach that charges all manufacturing costs to the product is referred to as a. variable costing b. contribution margin costing c. direct costing d. absorption costing 14. Variable costing is acceptable for a. financial statement purposes b. profit tax purposes c. internal use by management only d. profit tax purposes and for internal use by management 15. CVP analysis does not consider a. level of activity b. fixed cost per unit c. variable cost per unit d. sales mix 16. Which of the following is not an underlying assumption of CVP analysis? a. Changes in activity are the only factors that affect costs b.Cost classifications are reasonably exact c. Beginning inventory is larger than ending inventory d. Sales mix is constant 17. Which of the following would not be an acceptable way to express contribution margin? a. Sales minus variable costs b. Sales minus unit costs a. b. c. d. c. d. Unit selling price minus unit variable costs Contribution margin per unit divided by unit selling price a. b. c. d. 18. The level of activity at which total revenues equal total costs is the variable point fixed point semi-variable point break-even point 19. The break-even point is where a. otal sales equals total variable costs b. contribution margin equals total fixed costs c. total variable costs equal total fixed costs d. total sales equals total fixed costs 20. Gross profit also includes rent that arises from the entrepreneurs own land used in his production of output. a. Tru e b. False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (d) 5. (d) 12. (a) 19. (b) 6. (c) 13. (d) 20. (a) Chapter-15 1. There are . methods which can be used to appraise any investment project (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 2.National income is the total of the value of the goods and the services which are produced in an economy. (a) True (b) False 3. Which two of the following are likely to raise the equilibrium value of National Income? (a) Rise in savings. (b) Rise in imports. (c) Rise in government using up. (d) Rise in exports. 4. Which two of the following are excluded when measuring National Income? (a) Value added in the output method. (b) Value of intermediate inputs in the output method. (c) Consumer spending in the expenditure method. (d) Transfer payments in the income method. 5.The return on an investment comes in the form of a stream of earnings in the future. (a) True (b) False 6. Cost-benefit analysis is a process for evaluating the merits of a particular project or course of action in a systematic and rigorous way. (a) True (b) False 7. Real investment is not (a) the amount that shareholders are willing to provide for shares in a company (b) the cost of development of a new product (c) expenditure on public relations, staff training or research and development (d) expenditure on non-current assets such as plant, machinery, land and buildings 8.Which of the following statements about IRR and NPV is not correct? (a) NPV always gives the correct investment decision. (b) IRR gives an unreliable answer with non-conventional projects. (c) IRR can accommodate changes in the cost of capital. (d) IRR is a useful relative measure if comparing projects of differing sizes. 9. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services currently produced within the domestic territory of a country in a year. (a) True (b) False 10. Which of the following will not be a relevant factor when using the payback method of capital investment appraisal? a) The timing of the first capital inflow (b) The total cash flows generated by the asset (c) The cash flows generated by the asset up to the payback period (d) The cost of the asset 11. Why the payback method is often considered inferior to discounted cash flow in capital investment appraisal? (a) I is more difficult to calculate (b) It does not calculate how long it will take to recoup the specie invested (c) It does not take account of the time value of money (d) It only takes into account the future income of a project 12.Gross National Product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a year. (a) True (b) False 13. In 2005. was the least significant liability of U. S. nonfinancial businesses in terms of total value. (a) bonds and mortgages (b) bank loans (c) inventories (d) trade debt 14. .. are examples of financial intermediaries. (a) Commercia l banks (b) Insurance companies (c) Investment companies (d) All of the above 15. Financial assets .. a) directly add to the countrys productive capacity (b) indirectly contribute to the countrys productive capacity (c) contribute to the countrys productive capacity both directly and indirectly (d) do not contribute to the countrys productive capacity either directly or indirectly 16. The means by which individuals hold their claims on real assets in a welldevelopedeconomy are (a) investment assets. (b) depository assets. (c) derivative assets (d) financial assets 17. Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with the goal of the firm. a) True (b) False 18. Although derivatives can be used as speculative instruments, businesses most often use them to (a) pull in customers. (b) appease stockholders. (c) offset debt. (d) hedge 19. The investment in fixed assets increases the fixed cost of the firm which must be recovered f rom the benefit of the same project. (a)True (b) False 20. National Income is defined as the sum total of all the goods and services produced in a country, in a particular period of time. (a) True (b) False Answer 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (a) Chapter-16 1. In period of inflation, phantom or paper profits may be reports as a result of using the (a) FIFO costing assumption (b) Perpetual inventory method (c) LIDO costing assumption (d) Periodic inventory method 2. Inflation is (a) an increase in the overall price level. (b) an increase in the overall level of economic activity. (c) a decrease in the overall level of economic activity. (d) a decrease in the overall price level. 3. Aggregate supply is the total amount (a) produced by the government. (b) of goods and services produced in an economy. c) of labour supplied by all households. (d) of products produced by a given industry. 4. The value of a dollar does not stay constant when there is inflation. (a) True (b) False 5. The inflation rate in India was recorded at 7. 23% in (a) April of 2009 (b) April of 2010 (c) April of 2011 (d) April of 2012 6. The function of money that helps assess the opportunity cost of an activity is moneys use as a (a) medium of exchange. (b) store of value. (c) unit of account. (d) store of debt. 7. An official measure of money in the United States is M1, which consists of the sum of (a) currency plus travelers checks. b) currency plus checkable deposits. (c) currency plus travelers checks plus checkable deposits. (d) currency plus travelers checks plus time deposits. 8. Implies no trade-off between unemployment and inflation. (a) GDP deflator (b) Shoe leather costs (c) Long-run Phillips curve (d) Menu costs 9. The inflation rate is used to calculate the real interest rate, as well as real increases in wages. (a) True (b) False 10 the quantity of money in the Unit ed States. (a) The State Department controls (b) The Department of Treasury controls (c) The Federal Reserve administration controls (d) Commercial banks control 11.There are broadly .. ways of controlling inflation in an economy. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 12. The balance of payments of a country is said to be in equilibrium when the demand for foreign exchange in exactly equivalent to the supply of it. (a) True (b) False 13. A general decline in prices is often caused by a reduction in the supply of.. (a) money or debit (b) money or credit (c) money (d) None of these 14. The opportunity cost of holding money is the (a) inflation rate minus the nominal interest rate. (b) nominal interest rate. (c) real interest rate. (d) unemployment rate. 15.If the Fed is worried about inflation and wants to raise the interest rate, it (a) increases the demand for money. (b) increases the supply of money. (c) decreases the demand for money. (d) decreases the supply of money. 16. The circular flow of goods and incomes shows the relationship between (a) income and money. (b) goods and services. (c) firms and households. (d) wages and salaries. 17. Fiscal measures to control inflation include taxation, government expenditure and public borrowings. (a) True (b) False 18. Hyperinflation (a) occurs in the United States during each business cycle. b) occurs only in theory, never in reality. (c) has never occurred in the United States. (d) happens in all countries at some time during their business cycle. 19. Hyperinflation refers to a situation where the prices rise at an alarming high rate. (a) True (b) False 20. The inflation rate is used to calculate the real interest rate, as well as real increases in wages. (a)True (b) False Answer 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 17. (a) 18. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)