Cultural Issues in National Problems Essay

* Based on your study on this module of cultural theories, supra republical commerce ethics and the practice of managing across glosss, and assuming the spot of a commercial enterprise consultant specialising in cross-cultural issues, write a cultural briefing for the Human Resources surgical incision of a real supranational bloodline. Your briefing should cover a range of cultural issues, including the creation of cross-cultural squads, training employees for expatriate assignments, national negotiating styles and training employees for the challenges of cross-cultural management. This assignment may realise the format of a report or a to a greater extent creatively designed briefing document.Creation of cross-cultural aggroupsTrain employees for challenges of cross-cultural managementNational negotiating styleThe Chinese Negotiationhttp//www.globalnegotiationbook.com/John- whole meal flour-research/negotiation-v1.pdfNegotiating in chinaw atomic number 18 10 rules for s uccess http//www.forbes.com/sites/jackperkowski/2011/03/28/negotiating-in-china-10-rules-for-success/pp. 163 noteHowever, china is also a difficult and risky commercialise for western business communities to operate in. the surprises, disappointment, and licking on the part of western business people argon not strange. main(prenominal)land chinaware is a special challenge it is the worlds largest appear market, largest communist bureaucracy and oldest culture. These unequalled features make china a unique case in international business that calls for special academic and busial management. direct that china has reached and agreement with the European union and United States of the States nearly its membership in the world trade organization (WTO), the grandness of china as a trade partner is going to gain further.Question* What are the meaningful stages of the Sino-western business negotiation process? * What are the main contentious issues in the positive negotiation s essions? * How push aside we construe Chinese negotiating style observed in various stages from the Chinese culture point of view?table tennis model1, pre-negotiation (lobbing, presentation, in testicle sermon, and entrust shewing) 2, formal negotiation (task-related exchange of information, persuasion, concession and agreement) 3, post-negotiation (implementation and sweet rounds of negotiations)The Chinese show needle handle interests in getting to know the other party during these initial contacts. They provide to ascertain whether or not the foreign firm has (1) the most groundbreaking technology required for the project (2) the willingness to snitch or transfer it to the Chinese side by way of, for example, joint venture and (3) the capacity of delivering the products on time. As one and only(a) Chinese negotiators explained our intention is to import the most modernistic technology and to cooperate with large, world-famous foreign companies, beca enjoyment the life cycle of a technology is succinct.We pay even more(prenominal) attention to the suppliers houjing(reserve strength) for unremitting technological development lobbying lobbing before the Chinese presidential term authorities is one of the most important selling activities facing foreign firms that want to sell large industrial projects in chinese key industries like telecommunications. contrary firms must convince the chinese that they give up cutting-edge technologies that suit chinese governments priorities, that they have long-term commitment to the chinese market, and that they are financially impregnable. They must present a highly reliable tender body before the chinese, making them feel safe to do business with them. The chinese said that they liked to do business with big mountain like Ericesson that they could trust and rely on in the long term.Presentation heavy(p) attractive and reliable presentations to let potential chinese partners know the troupe, products and negotiating team members, is an important step toward formal negotiation sessions. Presentations aim to convince the chinese of the sincerity of the company in doing business ith china and show the chinese that the companys products are and advanced technology with high spirit and reasonable price. Foreign firms need to present themselves and their technologies to number of authorities. Very a great deal one has to endlessly repeat the same things to different negotiators who may suddenly, without explanation, be replaced by another team. From chinese point of view, it is done to check the dependableness and firmness of the supplier.Informal discussion initial and informal discussions with chinese organizations much occur directly after the presentationsTrust building the chinese amplify great importance to trust building in business negotiations. prescribed negotiation* Equity share* Contribution of each party* forethought control* Technology* Price* Persuasion* Concessi ons and agreementPost-negotiation* Managerial implications* precedence* Patience* Peoplethe PRC condition (guoqing) is a contemporary fond and institutional factor influencing the PRCIntroductionHotel Chocolat is a famous lavishness chocolate producer in the UK. It has 55 stores in the UK and 5 stores in the USA and the Europe. (Hotel Chocolat, 2012) The mainly product series are Giant Slabs, Selectors, Sleekster Selections, swimming Chocolat, The Purist and Coco Juvenate Beauty Range. (Hotel Chocolat, 2012) Hotel Chocolat insists a high quality strategy so that their products are in luxury level, which attracting consumers come back again and again. Now Hotel Chocolat plan to expand the business and brand perception, managers think about bring out Chinese market. In China, middle class improving their purchasing big businessman in recent years, within urban residents has more disposable income (Farrell D, 2006). If manager decide to enter China market, human resource manageme nt (HRM) department unavoidably to prepare three points, firstly is create cross-cultural team with Chinese employees, secondly is train the British employees for challenge of cross-cultural management, thirdly is negotiating style with Chinese.Creation of cross-cultural team and the challenges of cross-cultural managementcross-cultural team is necessary. Nowadays, the globe business activities are an important part of the oecumenical economy. Many of different nationality works in one company or even in one group. In this case, Hotel Chocolat will be suggested to build a cross-cultural team within Chinese employees. This program can avoid some potential risk in Chinese market. hither will point out three directions.1. LanguageIn business group need to keep will communication to reduce the damage of information. Hotel Chocolat is British company so that the English is mainly language. But Chinese employees native language is mandarin and Cantonese, which make conversation perad venture difficult. Fortunately, Chinese education department push English language breeding from primary school to college. Nowadays, the worlds most populous nation will become the worlds largest English-speaking country, account about two billion people are learning or have learned English (Clifford. C, 2009).Firstly, English level is an important testing stock(a) when manager selects Chinese employees. Secondly, English employ which will work in China suggest to learn primary daily Mandarin. Of course, if possible, Hotel Chocolat should better remove the people who interested in China.2. Build practical(prenominal) TeamIn the beginning, Hotel Chocolat should build a quickly communication tunnel between the UK and China department. For a high efficiency, Hotel Chocolat has to build Virtual Team.Virtual Team is basic on advanced information technology to link the geographical diffusion essential employees. It also downsizes the department in China and improves productivity.(T ownsend, A, M., and Demarie, M, S and Hendrickson R, A., 2003) wherefore build a Virtual Team? Here point basketball team factors (Bettis, R and Hitt, M., 1995) * The flat organizational structure is becoming a intimately solution to increasing speed to communicate. * The competition and cooperation will be liberal in globe economy environment. * Changes in workers expectation of organizational participation. * appointment the production of knowledge work environments. * Make trade and corporate activity easily.First of all, to build virtual(prenominal) team needs to pay attention to specialise the teams function and organizational roles, build the technical foul systems to exchange the information.Define the teams function and organizational roles are the most important thing. The UK and China have seven (DST.) or cardinal (GMT.) times difference, it make the working time harder. The manager in China who leads the virtual team should clear expectations about teams mental p rocess and criteria. Because of the virtual teams geographical dispersion, the manager can define the detail of daily report, working schedules and emergency solution. As a new market competitor, Hotel Chocolat will face many difficult, so the virtual team members in both side, the UK and China, have responds to meet online in a short time. In the same time, the virtual team in China needs to have individual ability to control and solve problems.A swell communication system in virtual team is a strong support. The technical system should be designed basic on efficiency. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the reasons is the virtual team members are in different place so that they cannot face to face. If people cannot face to face get together, some serious and mingled issues will not solve well. In tradition way, the tools have online meeting (Skype), file upload and download (email). If possible, the technical system can use wide-angle camera to build a multiplayer video session, in the meantime, virtual team members can use cloud system to modify the same file in different place together. Within modern technical system, the virtual team becomes more reality and efficient.National negotiating stylesWhen a company enters new market, an excellent negotiating skill will make their process more successfully. In business activities, communication is the key of make a good enough deal. Within a group of well training negotiating employees, the new market risks, not only China market, will be reduced. As the human resource department, they should make a plan to lead the negotiators mind set. Therefore, the table tennis Model (Fang, 1999) is a good choice.(Fang, 1999)The Ping-Pong model is based on the international business negotiating style and Chinese business negotiating style (Fang, 1999 Frankenstein, 1986 Ghauri and Usunier, 1996 Graham and Lin 1987), fang tries to build a bridge between China and the world.In the Ping-Pong Model, there are two major parts. unrivalled is the stage of the Sino-Western business Negotiation process and the other one is the dimension of Chinese business culture.In 1996, Ghauri make a structure of the international negotiating style process. He divides the total negotiation into three parts1, Pre-Negotiation2, Formal-Negotiation3, Post-NegotiationAnd also Fang realized that in Chinese cultural situation, he also define three main thing1, The PRC Condition2, Confucianism3, Chinese stratagemsCombine these two things, international negotiating style process and Chinese cultural situation, the Ping-Pong Model produced. future(a) part, it will analyze six factors of Ping-Pong Model.Pre-NegotiationIt includes four processes, lobbing, presentation, informal discussion and trust building. In the beginning is lobbing, in China market the government is a powerful force to the market. So it is necessary to have a good conversation with government. Presentation and informal discussion is the base of trust building. In public ways, presentation can show companys abilities to the company, in other ways, Informal discussion enhance mutual brain between company and its potential partners.Formal NegotiationIn formal negotiation stage, five major contentious issues needs to serious setting equity share, contribution of each party, management control, technology and price. For Hotel Chocolat, technology is the heyday secret so that the human resource department should focus on this part.Post-NegotiationAfter formal negotiation, the team should be prepared for Chinese trick. One Swedish negotiator recall that (Ghauri P. and Fang T. 2001) Chinese negotiator always take the old issue whatever and whenever, but these situation would not happened in European, Middle Eastern and African countries.Hotel Chocolat website, (2012), Store http//www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/Chocolate-Store-Locations-Achocolatestore/ (accessed 8th Oct 2012).Hotel Chocolat website, (2012), Products http//www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/chocol ates-CHC_PRODUCT/ (accessed 8th Oct 2012).Farrell, D., Gersch, U. and Stephenson, E. (2006), The mensurate of Chinas emerging middle class, McKinsey Quarterly, pp69-69.Clifford Coonan, (2009) The largest English-speaking country? China, of course, The Irish Times, 6 June, available at http//www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2009/0620/1224249169396.html (accessed at 9th Oct 2012).Townsend, A.M., DeMarie, S.M., Hendrickson, A.R. (2003) Virtual teams In Thomas, D.C. (ed) Reading and Cases in International counseling A cross-cultural Perspective. London SAGE, pp.269-281.Bettis, R. and Hitt, M. (1995) The new competitive landscape, Strategic management journal 16(S1), pp,7-19.Fang, T. (1999) Chinese business negotiating style. Sage Thousand Oaks, CA.Frankenstein, J. (1986). Trend in Chinese business practice Change in the Beijing wind. California Management Review, 29(1) 148-160.Ghauri, P. N. and Usunier J. C. (1996) International Business Negotiations. Oxford Pergamon.Graham, J. L. and Lin, C. Y. (1987) A comparison of marketing negotiationsin the majority rule of China (Taiwan) and the United States. In Cavusgil, T. (ed. Advanced in international marketing (Vol. 2, pp. 23-46). Greenwich, CT JAI Press.Ghauri P. and Fang T. (2001), Negotiating With the Chinese, Journal of World Business Vol. 36, pp. 303-325.