Divorce: Ensuring the Wellbeing of a Child Essay -- relationships, psy

For my research, I have chosen to explore the discussions regarding the various ways in which children argon strickleed by the disunite of their p atomic number 18nts. Divorce is a hard meter for all parties involved, but some(prenominal) people are oblivious(predicate) of the safe extent of issues that it can cause for those that are not directly involved- the children. Also, many of the negative affects divorce presents can, in fact, persist and become long-term. Most parents figure that their separation takes a toll on their children, but typically, adults are unaware of the ways that their children can potentially be affected by it throughout the rest of their lives. After thorough research in the field, the topics I considered to be most informative and compelling include how divorce can affect separate children in different ways, the dynamics that are responsible for causation variations in the effects upon children, and how adults who encountered divorce as c hildren are affected in the long run. These subtopics within the field are important because of their specific boil down and unique approaches. My intention is to build upon them by adding an extra element of patriarchal prevention in hopes of ensuring the ideal wellbeing for the children involved.This topic and its research are very important because they are relevant to such a prodigious scope of people. According to an online statistic source, in the United States alone, at that place is one divorce approximately every 36 seconds. Thats nearly 2,400 divorces per day, 16,800 divorces per week and 876,000 divorces a year (Thirty-two Shocking Divorce Statistics par. 4). With about two jillion marriages each year and nearly a million annual divorces, there is a considerable portion of our country that is affected by d... ...lpGuide, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. .McCabe, Kristen M. Sex Differences in the Long Term Effects of Divorce on Children Depression and Heterosexual Relationshi p Difficulties in the Young Adult Years. daybook of Divorce and Remarriage 27.1-2 (1997) 123-35. Print.Philpott, Shannon. Four Things to Keep Stable with Children of Divorced Parents - Mom.me. Mom.me. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. .Zill, Nicholas, Donna Ruane Morrison, and bloody shame Jo Coiro. Long-Term Effects of Parental Divorce on Parent-Child Relationships, Adjustment, and Achievement in Young Adulthood. Journal of Family Psychology 7.1 (1993) 91-103. Print.Zinsmeister, Karl. Divorces Toll on Children. American enterprisingness 7.3 (1996) 39-44. Print.

Enviromental Change – Transboundary Pollution

Chapter 10 Transboundary taint page 120 Aim of this lesson To be able to describe champion major pollution event modify more than one boorish and examine the consequences of and responses to this event. View together It happened in Chernobyl distinguish 1 and Part 2 discuss http//www. youtube. com/ regard as? device characteristic=player_embedded&v=b11aWXkehtY http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=BwMdh2SZ5-k&feature=player_embedded utilize * Consequences in more than one country http//www. grida. o/graphicslib/detail/the-continental-scale-of-the-chernobyl-accident_12e3 * The torch report http//www. chernobylreport. org/? p= abbreviation * THE GUARDIAN Affects of Chernobyl explained http//www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/may/12/effects-chernobyl-uk-farmers 1. Annotate an outline mapping of Europe (enlarged to A3 size) with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster. Try and include impacts in at least 4 different countries and for a range of term scales. 1. Complete the table with as much detail as you rear Responses to the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster at a range of scales Short-Term Long-Term matter within Russia / Ukraine * People must be evacuated from area * Many instant deaths from radioactivity inebriation * Later deaths from radioactivity therapy poisoning * acerbic beam poisoning from nuclear side effect/ hot cloud spreading * Widespread timidity and fear * Radioactive state becomes uninhabitable for many years * ancestry defects in the generation afterwardswards the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in gametes * scruple of nuclear power as a renewable energy reference * Radiation poisoning causes health problems in the future International * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear * yield defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning inEnviromental channel &8211 Transboundary PollutionChapter 10 Trans boundary pollution page 120 Aim of this lesson To be able to describe one major pollution event affecting more than one country and examine the consequences of and responses to this event. View together It happened in Chernobyl Part 1 and Part 2 discuss http//www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=b11aWXkehtY http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=BwMdh2SZ5-k&feature=player_embedded Using * Consequences in more than one country http//www. grida. o/graphicslib/detail/the-continental-scale-of-the-chernobyl-accident_12e3 * The Torch report http//www. chernobylreport. org/? p=summary * THE GUARDIAN Affects of Chernobyl explained http//www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/may/12/effects-chernobyl-uk-farmers 1. Annotate an outline map of Europe (enlarged to A3 size) with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster. Try and include impacts in at least 4 different countries and for a range of time scales. 1. Complete the table with as much detail as you can Responses to the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster at a range of scales Short-Term Long-Term National within Russia / Ukraine * People must be evacuated from area * Many instant deaths from radiation poisoning * Later deaths from radiation poisoning * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear * Radioactive land becomes uninhabitable for many years * Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in gametes * Distrust of nuclear power as a renewable energy source * Radiation poisoning causes health problems in the future International * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear * Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in

Montessori Language Rationale Essay

Langu senesce, simply put, is a system of symbols with an agreed upon nitty-gritty that is shared within a throng of individuals. Maria Montessori mum that tykeren have to learn verbiage, that it is non inborn. She also understood the adolescent mind has a long sensitive period for manner of speaking. Because linguistic communication is deeply connected to the process of thinking, the sm in every(prenominal) fry forget need to be spoken to and listened to often.Each claw learns run-in at their own straddle and pace. There groundwork be different factors, such as a kidskin learning multiple talking tos at once. Most often, with little military campaign, the tiddler will be able to learn oral language by being in an environment that fosters conversation. Early on, toddlers will begin to cultivate intentional sounds, At one year of age the electric shaver says his prototypical intentional wordhis babbling has a purpose, and this intention is a cogent evidence of conscious intelligenceHe becomes ever more aware that language refers to his surroundings, and his wish to master it consciously becomes also greater.Subconsciously and unaided, he strains himself to learn, and this effort makes his success all the more astonishing. (The Absorbent Mind, p. 111) Most children by the age of two will have a rapid growth in language comprehension. Towards the end of the second year the child is able to unite two or more words into basic sentences, Every childbursts out with a number of words all perfectly pronounced. And all this occurs at the end of the second year of his life. (The Absorbent Mind, p. 103)The directress plays the most historic role by giving objects labels within the environment. It is essential that all language be given to a child within a context. The child needs to know the names, labels, and the meaning of things in the environment in line of battle for them to have relevancy, At about a year and a half, the child discovers ano ther fact, and that is that each thing has its own name. (The Absorbent Mind, p.113) This allows the child to imbibe and understand the greater picture of things and gives things meaning. Once the greater picture is achieved, it can then be broken down into smaller details.The Montessori language materials specify elements of language and offer portals for the children in the exploration of language. Maria crafted the materials to be presented to the child in the same manner in which they learn oral language, kickoff with nouns, articles, adverbs, etc. After a new concept is presented to the child, there should unceasingly be a return to the original environmental language employ storytelling, poetry, storybooks and everyday speech. This allows the child to clearly see how the new concept is applied, with context, in our world.The Montessori preliminary language exercises give the child the vocabulary for objects in the straightaway environment. Three part cards with approp riate terminology are a wonderful material to introduce new vocabulary for nouns. Sandpaper earn are a great tool to introduce the child to the sounds of alphabet. Puzzles may also be placed on the shelf, for they indirectly teach the left hand to right education style. By the time the absorbent mind of the child has reached the age of six, they will come to understand that the sounds and words have meaning and that these symbols can be used in writing. The Montessori curriculum helps the child school writing skills through many materials. Tracing the sandpaper letters, working with the portable alphabet, metal insets, as well as using the sand tray, all help teach letter formation. A silent helper in the Montessori classroom is the practical life area. In the practical life area, you will find many jobs that indirectly teach proper pincer snatch for holding a pencil.Introduction to reading comes through phonetic reading boxes. The reading boxes are cleverly organized, go ing from simple to the complex. Reading does not follow the same process of writing, which is taking our own thoughts and symbolizing. When we read, it is not our language with which we are working with, it is the authors language. Reading is the analysis of the language followed by a synthesis. Story telling and socio-dramatic play in the environment can help the child develop an imagination that fosters a higher(prenominal) capability to understand what is being read to them.The Montessori language program is give care no other. With a prepared Montessori environment, the child can flourish in orally, in their handwriting, and lastly in their reading.

Clinton Climate Change Initiative Program in Australia and the Progress of Barangoo Waterfront Development Project in Sydney so Far

clime agitate has come to be one of the issues that receive had far-reaching implications for the world in which we live. As people who are proud of our heritage and who need to live a fulfilling life, we need to do a make out more to fight climate change. For it is clear that unless something is through with(p) and done degraded enough then this dear homeland of ours will be no more in a matter of several years (Pittock 2003). Therefore, my spell is to all Australians to work hard to make the earth a good, adept place to live in not just today tho excessively for generations to come.The way to go is to conserve our environment to reduce carbon paper emission as far as possible as to interlocking climate change is largely attributed to the rapid increase in the bar of carbon in the atmosphere in different forms. The Clinton pedestal has been in the forefront in this fight against climate change (The Clinton Foundation 2010). It has initiated some projects in the coun try to ensure that carbon emission is reduced. The Clinton Climate reassign possible action Program is a typical climate change course of instruction that is aimed at helping this country achieve its goal of becoming commonalityer.Through the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI), the Clinton foundation aims at working with the government to provide greener sources of energy, incompatible carbon emissions by using renewable energy sources in homes and offices, and cut back organic waste through use of recycled material (The Clinton Foundation 2010). It also seeks to create avenues for absorption of large quantities of carbon such as forests. The fag is greenhouse emitters which range from industrial emissions through domestic energy sources to wasteful use of material or careless dumping.Working jointly with C40, CCI seeks to see cities greener and immaculate (The Clinton Foundation 2010). Through the kilobyteer Government Buildings Program, CCI targets to make reduce the use of applications in government buildings which emit greenhouse gases. Reduced use of energy and recycle is a point of emphasis (Freestone 2010). All of us ought to seek to piffle the Clinton Foundations official website and its other information resources to be advance placed to work jointly with it to ensure we live in a safer and greener country.It is upon us all to work alongside CCI to make climate change less affective of our lifestyles. Now is the time for every Australian to do something that will count towards curbing adverse climate change. For this is for our own good. It is for us and for posterity. The more we conserve and preserve now, the more secure we make our time to come and the future of our children after us (The Clinton Foundation 2010). The Clinton Climate potpourri Initiative Program is currently running different projects to this effect, with the notable one organism the Barangoo Waterfront Development Project in Sydney.This project is a partnership mingled with the Clinton Foundation and the government of New South Wales and aims to create a honey oil in the city of Melbournes area of Barangoo so it becomes part of the profound business district (The Clinton Foundation 2010). This is a beautification approach that seeks to protect the waterfront of the city total and to capture the emitted carbon so the city is cleaner and greener. at a time an inner city, Barangoo is being transformed to become part of the city center and so reduce congestion (Preston & Jones 2006).The main constructions are a headland parking lot and a public domain. So far, work on the headland park has commenced and soon works are going to bulge for the public domain. The city, one the project is completed, is judge to be literally green with magnificent parks and surrounding blue waters. Magnificent buildings will enclothe the nicely shaped harbor to demonstrate just how far joint effects and commitment can change cities for good. Also yet to be comp leted are a newly created headland park and a very modern waterfront. The headland park is located north of Barangoo (Beatley 2008).Already done is a foreshore promenade that extends along the harbor and is part of a 14 kilometer foreshore walk joining Anzac Bridge to Woolloomooloo. Under the headland park is a car park that is almost hidden by the greenery. It is expected that the remaining part of the project will carry on to closing soon, to make Sydney a real green city and a presentation of what being green really is. Word count 747 References Beatley, T 2008. Green Urbanism Down Under Learning from Sustainable Communities in Australia. Island Press Freestone, R 2010. Urban Nation Australias Planning Heritage.Csiro Publishing Pittock, B 2003. Climate Change An Australian Guide to Science and Potential Impacts. Retrieved at http//www. ccma. vic. gov. au/soilhealth/climate_change_literature_review/documents/organisations/ ago/science-guide. pdf Preston, BL& Jones, RN 2006. C limate Change Impacts on Australia and the Benefits of Early live up to to Reduce Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieved at http//www. csiro. au/files/files/p6fy. pdf The Clinton Foundation 2010. What we Do. Retrieved at http//www. clintonfoundation. org/what-we-do/clinton-climate-initiative/

Truancy

Topic 3 Truancyis any intentional unauthorized or illegal absence fromcompulsory inculcateing. In Malaysia truancy problem is a phenomenon among primary and lowly school disciples. According to Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong, reported in The News go Times article entitled Study on truancy facts of life Ministry dated January, 17 2012, A total of 110,218 students were involved in corrective problems. Of that figure, 72,873 were from secondary level and 37,345 from primary schools, students were involved in disciplinary problems atomic number 18 rising.Reported in The News Strait Times a survey conducted by the ministry, 58. 85 per cent of truancy cases last year involved students in rural areas, as compared with 41. 15 per cent in cities. In my opinion, actions that should be imposed by the Ministry of Education to solve the problem of truancy among Malayan school students are improve the faculty member approach, integrity enforcement authorities and fig up talk or campaign. First, Ministry of Education should improve the academic approach. This can be done by increasing compulsory activities such as academic and semi-academic co-curriculum in schools.Ministry of Education can improve by changing the learn techniques such as gaming and simulation, drama, role playing and use of engineering and instructional resources. Teaching with difference technique can attract students and they depart not feel bored on their study. Second, authorities should enforce the law among the students who are truancy. For example, areas of existing police powers should be used by school administrators in disciplining students. The administration should take the opportunity to refer problem student to the police. After enforcing this law, students will be alert from work against this thing.Beside, Ministry of Education may organize some talks and campaign about the disadvantage of truancy. in that location are kind of campaigns such as Zero Truancy iron. With this students wil l know the effect of truancy to their study and also their future(a). In my conclusion, government and the school administration should co-operate to control the phenomenon. The truancy would affect the future of the youngsters and cause social issues in the society.References National Center for Mental health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention http//www. promoteprevent. org/publications/prevention-briefs/truancy-prevention

Exams Should Be Abolished Essay

Exams a enunciate that many students dread to hear, a word that many students fear of, a word that seems to go for the magical office to transform a happy and cheerful person into a defeated and nervous wreck.What argon exams and should they been done away with entirely?Exams are yearlong and more(prenominal) comprehensive versions of tests held every term. Initially created to monitor and check how a student was performing academically, they now have so much more pressure on them that students are burning the midnight oil to study for an exam. This results in just about students becoming ill due to stress and lack of sleep. They have become more and more stressful and, even worse, a niggardness to the ideal of learning.It is a well known fact that when it comes to exams, students compete, not unless with themselves, but with other students. They no longer want to see an amplify in their knowledge, but want to beat other people to the treetop of the class. Even parents ta ke exams as a race to see whose children are more intelligent.Read more If There Were No ExamsStudents shouldnt be judged on their performance on one day when they might be ill. The exams might not be completely representative of the students skills as everyone can have a bad day.They are a poor method of estimation as they dont deliberate the use of knowledge in a practical environment. They dont reflect how well youll be able to use your knowledge in real world occupations.Many successful individuals are bad at exams but can perform well under other methods of assessment such as essays and oral presentations which still prepare students in cope with pressure. Some people would argue that exams are not a light assessment of intelligence and arent favourable to those with poor memory skills, those who set about under pressure, and those who get so nervous in such situations that they exclude down in exams. Its very easy to know bailiwick but to completely fail an exam bec ause you are nervous. They arent an unblemished representation of a students knowledge as some people are just better at taking exams than others. If you knock to mess up in your exams due to stress or dismay then your goals can disintegrate leaving you unable to reach your serious potential and having to settle for second best.

Mfn Status to India

MFN to India The Pakistani stead Research Paper 2012 Zoya Mohsin Awan BBA2K9(s) 4/24/2012 Hatred, animosity, war a a few(prenominal) of the more things we associate with our neighboring uncouth India. 1965, 1975 and the Kargil War of 1999 with Kashmir already a bone of contention, Pakistan has skipped loops by merely bringing thought of collapseing approximately prosperous Nation position to India on the discussion t qualified. Since WTOs Charter requires wholly(prenominal) signatory to grant MFN status to some otherwise WTO members, in that respect arent m whatever ifs and exactlys to ponder.What reall(a)y is open for debate is whether we regard to sw stand the pill now, on our terms, or later when it might be forced cut our throats on somebody elses terms (India cool it hasnt taken the violation of this basic principle to WTO). No librate which stance we chose, one thing is certain this is the deal which defines the future run-in of Pakistan. And this is the dea l which might be our chance of actually becoming what we set about the effectiveness to become Pakistan. Introduction Pakistan and India stupefy been under the lime-light ever since the sectionalisation of the sub-continent.During the 1960s, Pakistan was labeled the Asiatic tiger while India the Basket Case. immediately however, the roles have been reversed. Through-out this period, the Indo-Pak switch over kept showing a varied impulsion to the negative side as shown by the figure below The quite a little of condescension has remained low generally. MFN works towards the liberalization of grapple which not exclusively would give a forward momentum to the integration of some(prenominal) countries scotchally, but would also enhance their image on the international platform.Cheaper exist of production, re-sentencing of skilled labor, education influx and the interest of the US and European sparing into this division would help give the once coveted status of southw estward Asia, back to the forces who originated it. Hence, a carefully reconciled MFN status should be grant to India in order to achieve the long-term prosperity of our country. The Economic billet After going through a large array of hooey debating this issue, two schools of thoughts generally emerge the protagonists, who support the idea of non-discriminatory trade amongst both countries.And the antagonists, who believe such(prenominal) a measure, would lone(prenominal) harm the sparing by letting free-flow of cheaper Indian goods into the Pakistani market and wholesome, narrow our options down on the Kashmir issue. The former debates, that by doing so not only do we get access to a potential market which is 8 to 9 seasons greater than ours, but it also gives us a skilful foundation of mutual dependence to minimize the security concerns across the border.India is swooping rooks and pawns run into the economic chess board towards becoming the third biggest parsimoniousn ess of the world, before it leads us up to a stalemate, this situation could be put to avail for both countries. After all, India outhousenot keep prospering in a prolong manner if it neighbored by a nation terrorized by policy-making and economic destabilization. So it would be an opportune time for Pakistan to bask in Indias glory. Practically speaking, this is the only focusing we could work towards a productive political debate for both the countries especially since the environmental strain after Mumbai attacks of 2008.After all, a long-standing peace arrangement can only nurture, if it contains within the deeply internal seed of mutual benefit. On the other hand, the antagonists argument that this free-trade would open the floodgates to cheaper Indian products which in turn could harm Pakistans economy majorly. However, this could be a positive impact upon the Pakistani consumer since they gain access to imported Indian goods at a lower price. We also have Taiwan, Hong Kong and even china who are on our MFN list and have bombarded us with fierce challenger in the past.Yet if our industries did not cave in to them and withheld own-selves past wherefore guardianship India? Besides, if the Pakistani market demands a particular good from India, MFN status or not, it would be smuggled cross border anyway so why not legalize it to perk our own interests. Take the example of the Indian Cinema, years and years of culture seeped through the media towards us, while the Wagha Border remained bolted shut. The only issue here is, the Pakistani tax-payer is paying far more than it unremarkably would have due(p) to the added layers of woo of go-between trade via Dubai.Conversely, this news has worn-out a mixed reaction from all the quarters of the strain community. both(prenominal), same the auto-parts, pharmaceuticals and consumer goods industries, face hard-hitting competition. They fear that India is yielding better quality goods at a lower cost o f production due to the economies of scale. On the other hand, industries kindred textile, entertainment and agriculture are in favor of granting the Most Favored Nation status to India.These industries argue that trade estimated trade of close to $13 billion with India is being carried out illegally via cross-border smuggling and face-to-face baggage. Also, indirect trade of an approximate worth of aroung $3-4 billion via third parties same UAE, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh is costing us a higher mark-up since the intermediary adds up their cost as vigorous. So it is better to legitimize this ongoing process and guide some probable gain out of this situation. In support of this argument, I quote the former Finance Minister of Pakistan and Vice President of the cosmos Bank, Shahid Javed Burki what economics told us is that when trade between a huge and junior-grade economy started, smaller economy always benefited from that and what I believe that at macro level Pakistan would benefit, especially in industrial and agricultural sectors. Some sectors might get hurt, but not overmuch as feared. publish in The Express Tribune, April 3rd, 2012. Free-trade spurs competitiveness which would encourage our local anesthetic industries to raise their standards and induce quality goods. It has never really hurt any country and all the benefits from recent experience in the European Union, Asian etc, are there for everyone to see.It would in fact take a page from the book of joke Locke by helping us attain a common groundwork of mutual-coexistence and economic interdependence to rely upon. The Regional military position southeasterly eastside Asia by abroad-spectrum consensus is the least integrated of regions economically due to the disparity and animus between Pakistan and India. Regional cooperation is must to attract heavy investment in todays globalised world. Diminutive and splintered markets do not attract endowment fund by substantial investors.The European Union may be attempt to save the euro but one of Europes most real successes is the creation of the frontier-free single market where goods, services and people can spread untrammeled by border restrictions. Similarly, Association of South East Asian Markets (ASEAN) is working towards building a common market for the whole region by equaling the European Unions lead. It is high time India and Pakistan set aside their differences (or at least take small go towards resolving them) for the overall welfare of the whole region.If we create an economic axis of rotation like the sorts of EU or Middle-East, it would ensure a better dicker position vis-a-vis other countries. Within the protective walls of regional economies, both countries would achieve specialization in various sub-sectors of the industry. Moreover, the streng soing of bilateral trade would provide a mutual cushion against financial or contrast market shocks. With these two countries forging into one economi c power, all of South Asia could become a better place monetarily.Another aspect of the MFN status would be to increase the connectivity with central Asia. If Indian goods are permitted to transit through Pakistan, then the whole region will benefit. For illustration, the Indian state of Punjab is several 1000 kilometers away from the seaports, but the farmers there and in the nearby states would be able to send their agricultural products to Central Asia if these are allowed freely through Pakistan. very(prenominal) goes for Indian textiles and all the landlocked states which would be facilitated by their proximity to the Pakistani ports.The advent of MFN status will also help complete the instruction execution of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline, as a new environment of trust and cooperation prevails. sluice more significantly, natural gas via pipeline will provide the Indian and energy deprived Pakistani industry with a massive ascension in sec tors ranging from petrochemicals to fertilizers electric power production will increase dramatically and a myriad of new commercial uses will be supported. In egest Pakistan could profit from the easy transit fee that it would receive as a royalty and it would only be assertable if MFN status is rendered toIndia. Social Perspective Trade is one social mobilizer which would give back benefits for both countries as well as their people. Talking about Pakistan singularly, 61. 3% of the people (according to the HDI reports) in Pakistan extend below the poverty line. With a 15. 4% unemployment rate, Pakistan should not forego any opportunity that provides job opportunities to its masses. Poverty is but a challenge that can be overcome by pursuing sustained pro-poor policies. One such policy is the granting of MFN status to India and lifting the trade barriers across border.India is a huge market and would provide a smaller country like Pakistan with access to a greater market and inc rease the demand for their product. This in turn would nose the output and employment levels in both countries. Secondly, Since India shares a border with us, the encumbrance cost and ease of access would increase the flow of a respective(a) product base at a lower cost, saving our countrys foreign exchange substantially. Pakistan could have entree to quality products in sectors like IT, electronics, transport gear etc.Thirdly, this legitimization might curb social atrocities like smuggling and illicit trade. This would increase the government revenue for Pakistan since all the goods would be traded under their accord. Another faucet where India surpasses many others in this region is its IT infrastructure. India is evaluate to contain the next Silicon Valley of the century considering its growth in the IT sector. Pakistan could benefit immensely from the inflow of this technology while India could gain wages by the progress Pakistan has made in its agriculture and industry.Both countries could complement all(prenominal) others needs and strengths and hence prove beneficial to their people. The cultural Perspective With the advent of the prospect of MFN policy, both countries have started aiming towards more engaging business conditions hence easier visa-processing procedures have been bought on the discussion table since November 14, 2011. This would repair the static tourism industry between both countries. Both have many historical and religious places significant to the other.This would not only generate additional foreign exchange revenue, it would also help increase the people-to-people inter-group communication between both countries. Eventually, once the masses start interacting, peace would follow automatically between both regions. Generally, the relations between once brethren Pakistani and Indians are cordial and friendly. A common example would be how well Pakistanis and Indians gel when theyre keep abroad, out of the influence of their respectively acrid medias. Delegations of trade bodies, academics, artists, sportsmen, social scientists and media personnel office could be exchanged.This would invoke the once unbreakable cultural bond between both nations considering how much value we place upon common games like play and hockey. Threats and Concerns Although the benefits of granting the inevitable MFN status to India are tremendous, every step Pakistan takes should be keep an eye on and well-thought of. There is no harm in protecting ones own-self against any potential threats that might occur due to any sharp move we make, after all there are years of enmity that we need to overcome before taking huge steps.Firstly, WTO provisions allow members to impose safeguards constricting imports (for temporary periods) should such imports unfairly or naughtily injure domestic producers. Pakistan should rightfully use this clause in campaign Indian goods start flooding the Pakistani market and ruin local producers. After all, trade should be liberalized but not at the cost of local industries. The second issue that should be considered is that India, despite its liberalization of trade to Pakistan in 1993, is still a restricting domain to us due to high tariff and non-tariff barriers.Prohibitive NTBs have made our exports to India highly valuable while the trade deficit tilts highly towards Pakistan. We should bring this issue on the WTO summits and appeal to India to either reduce these NTBs and other trade restricting clauses or grant a similar status quo to India. Pakistans business community generally has reservations because it does not have competitive pricing in many industries and goods. The automotive and pharmaceutical industries are prime examples of apprehension at granting India access to our market.In order to maintain local stabilization, we need to have all stakeholders to this situation aboard before we chalk out any authorised plan. Concessions should be granted to concern ed parties for instance, the automobile industry should be guarantee that auto-parts would be imported instead of wholly assembled cars. Unbridled, unmanaged and uncontrolled liberalization of trade would lead to chaos in any economy huge or small. Or policies could be formulated in such a way that they would be strict at first (as Indias have been since 1993) and then slowly tighten the nose and India shows signs of economic conciliation.Conclusion In retrospect, is it really possible for Pakistan to identify India with bilateral economic prosperity, cross-border trade of culture, and easier visa transit? policy-making differences between India and Pakistan aside, there is no harm in trading with all(prenominal) other. Our leaders must take into consideration long-term benefits. India has a much better managed economy, but it cannot afford openness. On the other hand, Pakistans economy is not so closed, and it could take advantage in this regard.Pakistan, like other developing c ountries, has strong interest in the maintenance and strengthening of the bilateral rules-based trading system represented by the WTO. The current situation in South Asia indicates that there are large unexploited opportunities for intra-regional trade that could be mutually beneficial. Diplomatic efforts towards this objective however utopian, is well perceived to be the beginning of soft-ties between both countries. After all, it is said that where diplomacy ends the potential for war begins to take shape.Bibliography 1) Beteille, T. (2011). Pakistans Most Favored Nation Status to India A Win-Win for the Region? blogs. worldbank. org . 2) Brown, C. (2006). The Implications of Liberalization of Trade with India. 3) Dr Monnoo, Kamal (2012). MFN status to India An analysis www. nation. com. pk. 4) Gupta, Sorojit. (2012). Pakistan to grant MFN status to India this year. www. timesofindia. com. 5) Dawn Newspaper and Articles. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8 212&8212&8212 1 . http//www. ishtiaqahmad. com/item_display. aspx? isting_id=725&038listing_type=1 2 . http//blogs. worldbank. org/endpovertyinsouthasia/pakistan%E2%80%99s-most-favored-nation-status-india-win-win-region 3 . http//www. eastasiaforum. org/2011/12/03/what-the-most-favoured-nation-decision-means-for-india-and-pakistan/ 4 . http//www. himalmag. com/component/content/article/3644-magic-pipes. hypertext mark-up language 5 . http//nayyab. wordpress. com/2010/05/08/rising-unemployment-in-pakistan/ 6 . http//www. aninews. in/newsdetail2/story22210/india-welcomes-trade-ties-with-pak-eyes-mfn-visa-easing-process. html

Reinforcement Theory Essay

Q 1 Identify the practices of organization that are indicating the application of musical accompaniment theory?Answer1. Focus on proper training originally giving task to the employees2. Monitoring the performance of employees.3. Formulation of procedures, rules and regulations in detail.4. tightness in compliance of rules.Q 2 You are required to suggest somewhat measures of positive reinforcement that can be implemented by the care of Crisp & Soft restaurant. Answer1. The manager can first base a practice to greet the employees and having pleasant conversation with those who came on snip at nonplus of day and conduct a small coming upon with staff at closing of day and praised and say thanks those who performed swell during the day. These practices will decrease late arrivals and early leaver.2. The management can start Employee of the month award scheme in which at end of each month letter of appreciation along with small cash outlay will be give to the employee how performed well during the month. 3. A roll of watch board should be maintained at prominent place in the restaurant where everyone can see it. The pictures of Employee of the month pasted on that board. Q 3 Assess which level of Maslows hierarchy of need the organization is welcome for lower level staff and managerial level staff? condone AnswerAs per Maslows hierarchy of need, there are future(a) five levels of human needs i. Biological Need The basic requirement for survival of human body e.g. food, water, air and shelter etc. ii. pencil eraser Need Protection from Cold, Heat, Sand, Storm, Earthquake, Animals, Enemies iii. Social Need love, acceptance, belonging etc.iv. egotism Esteem Respect, reorganizationv. Self Actualization challenging tasks,In carapace of lower level workers the Crisp and Soft restaurant management is hearty level 1 by providing free meal and uniform, paying salaries at reasonable rate and level 2 by making HVAC order of battle for workers. In case of management staff, the restaurant management is trying to self-colored level 3 along with level 1 and 2 also, by providing good salaries (level 1), good working environment (level 2) and membership of social confederation of restaurant to their staff(level 3) where they can attend get to gathers, family dinners etc.

Stress Management Among Working Womens in India

Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which resolutenesss inpsychological and physical reactions. Whilst some nidus is good for motivationand increasing efficiency, too much line peck result in negative impacts such(prenominal) asreduced effectiveness and efficiency. More and more handwriting atomic number 18 tinctureing isolatedand disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational strive. Manycompanies suck up letn to consulting experts and professionals on ways toincrease connectedness and motivation of their employees. Some companies work up parties and make their employees feel valued atwork.These be measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secureat their jobs, translating into greater productivity. nonetheless, not all companies be astonish such measures in place, and some break not gotten it quite right. Hence, itis up to you to make sure that you can act with tenor at your workplace, anduse it to help you work better. Here are 3 simple steps to help you with copingwith stress in the workplace. grade 1 Raising Awareness Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping thescales from positive to negative.This is important, as being able to identify signsof being accented can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall musical note of life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leadingto foreboding(a) consequences to your health and overall wellbeing. You can identify if you are feeling accented by checking if you have any physicalor psychological reactions, such as inordinate sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience anyof these reactions, identify if you are feeling any whelm negativeemotions, and if you are constantly worried.Step 2 Identify the Cause You need to be able to analyze the occurrence and identify what is causing the risein stres s. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer 18 to things beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues atwork. Internal stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we onlystart reacting to stress when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope. Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel sacrosanct negativeemotions, or that are likely stressors.This will help you to identify the causes of your stress. Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change theway that we cope with it. Step 3 Coping with Stress In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calmyour mind and body so as to fit off the reactions and cope with it in a positiveway. This can be with different methods, such as taking time off. If a situationis triggering your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself fromit. Go outside and take a walk to calm d own.Alternatively, you can tryimplementing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing. If it is an internalstressor, stop your thought process until you are able to deal with it logically. The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are notinstantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice themso that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed. (1. 2. 5) Stress Management Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to gobeyond a stress situation, life seems to find sore ways of stressing us out andplaguing us with anxiety attacks.Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-bodyexhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and theconditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget thatstressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable. 19 Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. conterminous disorders such as dizzy spell s, anxiety attacks, tension,sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic healthproblems. They may as well as walk out our immune, cardiovascular and nervoussystems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked withstress.Like stress reactions, relaxation repartees and stress managementtechniques are some of the bodys important built-in response systems. As arelaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Somehormones released during the fight or flight situation prompt the body to replacethe lost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knottednerves, tightened muscles and an spent mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we dont get relaxing and soothing situations withoutasking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations. Recognizing a stressorIt is important to recognize whether you are beneath stress or out of it. Many times,even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts toit internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress. This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us throughsymptoms such as speedy palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various bodyaches that something is wrong. It is important to remain advertent to suchsymptoms and to learn to cope with the situations. 20

Socius Meaning And The Neighbor

The socius and the live argon two ways of relating with others. The socius pertains to the kin with a group or a person through fond function. In my understanding, this is a functional kind of race based on ones label such as a student, for example, for world a ruin of an organization. Thus, in other words, the socius is the arbitrate relationship I have with others. The neighbour however, is a personal way of experienceing the other as a person. Its a relationship that develops deeper in degrees. It usually starts from an initial encounter that develops into a higher level of intimacy.Therefore, the neighbour is the abrupt relationship with others. On The Level of Astonish manpowert In the parable of The Good Samaritan, the Levite and the priest were surprised by the event they encountered before them but since they had a preceding commitment and being a responsible member of an presentation, they were unavailable to support the man. The traveler however did not have an y institution to closure to which makes him available for the man in need. Through the encounter, the traveler became present to the man. His carriage is his natural character because hes doing such an act without an institution being a catalyst.The Last Judgment on the other move on unveils the prophecy regarding the encounter of the Samaritan with the man. It is astonishing for the Samaritan to know the meaning of his simple, compassionate act. The Samaritan symbolizes the enormous acts of humans and encounter Christ in a way. Through this the pith Go and do likewise is made known. On The Level of chiding There is no such thing as a neighbor if we base it on Sociology because according to its definition, Sociology is the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective bearing of organized groups of human beings.That is why in this point of view, the neighbor is called a man of regret, dreams and myth meaning it doesnt exist. The socius would refe r the neighbor as outdated. The parable of the Good Samaritan would put to work us to the reflection that if on that point be no beggars to be given charity in the future where worldly concern will no longer suffer or experience hunger, because of mens ability to evolve technology, then theres no place for a neighbor. People will be a part of an association and the parable and the prophecy will have lost its meaning.This would bring us to the understanding that the socius is the man of history meaning he foot mold the olden times. On The Level of Meditation Both the socius and the neighbor are two dimensions of relating with others, an encounter. It shows how human relationship is in the current society. The neighbor is the private relationship we share with others and the socius is the publicity we make with our colleagues. In reality, there is no safe abode in our private lives without the protection of a public administration.Therefore the neighbor emerges from the socius. yet also, man is awakened when he is socially stripped. Charity is humble. It is the common intention of the socius and the neighbor, their common ground. The socius and the neighbor are the two faces of charity. It is charity that gives meaning to the social interaction and to the event of the encounter. An encounter is not dependent on history with its disputation between the socius and the neighbor. But history ropes the extent of charity.

Practical Exam – Bio 125 Lab

laboratory Due November 14, 2012 Practical Exam 1. a. The symbionts (Paramecium) of the termite belong to the kingdom division Protista b. Paramecium living in the intestines of termites breaks down the cellulose walls of wood fibers releasing proteins that be absorbed by the termites digestive sy motif. Paramecium benefit by having an milieu to thrive and they ingest the wood fibers for their own nutrition as well. 2. c. An beta ecological effect of diatoms is that when they die they hold onto CO2 trapped within their silicon skeleton, carrying it to the ocean floor instead of being released into the atmosphere. . Autotrophic 3. dickens characteristics that helped identify the euglena were e. Two flagellas. f. Eyespot. 4. g. The bacteria in the envisage labelled 4 is rod-shaped. h. Cyanobacteria argon important producers of Nitrogen in marine environments. 5. i. Lactobacillus tack in saliva produced lactic acid to cause Snyders specialty to change color. j. The tube turned yellow after it was exposed to saliva. 6. k. sanguine algae have phycobilin pigments (phycoerythrin and phycocyanin) that mask the color of the chlorophylls.Brown algae have xanthophyll pigments that mask the green color of the chlorophyll. Green algae have cholorphylls a and b that give a bright green color. l. All algae have chlorophyll. 7. m. The hyphae of Rhizopus are coenocytic. n. Gametangia (hyphae fuse), plasmogomy occurs, karyogamy occurs forming Zygosporangium, sporangium form and haploid spores are released to pullulate and form hyphae. 8. o. The employment of gills in basidiomyctes is to produce spores. p. Basidiomycetes contain crosswalls (they are septate). 9. q. Yeast produces CO2, which makes dough rise. .Yeast ferment alcohol in brewing. 10. s. In mosses, the petallike green structure is the gametophyte. t. Gametophytes are haploid. 11. u. The plant pictured and labeled calculate 11 has vascular tissue. v. Sori are the sporangia structures comprise on the undersides of the fronds. 12. w. The cone labeled 12 is a female cone. x. The needle-like leaves of gymnosperms reduce the surface area, and thick plate and sunken stomata minimize water loss. 13. y. Body plan (c) shown on blackboard labeled 13 represents an acelomate. z. Hydras and jellies exhibit radial symmetry. 4. . Eyespots in flatworms like planaria detect light and use them to move away from light sources. . The immersion of sense organs at the preceding of this organism is cephalization. 15. . Annelids much(prenominal) as the Earthworm, which was dissected in lab, have closed circulatory sy stems. . The digestive portion is complete because the digestive tract runs from mouth to anus.16. . The clitellum of the Earthworm is used in sexual reproduction. . Coelom in Earthworms aid in locomotion and function as a hydrostatic skeleton. 17. The function of hemolymph in an organism such as the Grasshopper is to transport nutrients. . Insects have 3 pairs of walking legs. 18. . crawdaddy have an open circulatory system. . Male ecrevisse are for the most part bigger than females and have bigger claws. Also in male crayfish the two most anterior swimmerets are enlarged and hardened. 19. . The Perch is a vertebrate. . The lateral line organ is used to sense vibrations and pressure differences in water. 20. . The swim bladder in the Perch is used to maintain buoyancy. . caudal fin is primarily responsible for propelling the fish forward. 1. . The front station of the mouth in the Perch is advantageous because it allows the Perch to eat and let in in water as it swims forward. . No, most fish utilize international fertilization to sexually reproduce.22. . Rat belongs to class Mammalia. . Possess hair do of keratin. 23. . Yes, cephalization is apparent in the rat. . Cephalization is the concentration of sense organs at the anterior of an organism. 24. . Rat has a closed circulatory system. . Most rats utilize immanent fertilization du annulus sexual re production. 25. In plants the apical meristem can be found at the . Root tips Shoot tips 26. . The experiment of a Carnation place into a beaker full of water and red food coloring exhibit cohesion, adhesion and capillary action (transpiration) of water through the stem. . Xylem is the vascular tissue mainly involved in this process.27. . The leaves on blackboard labeled 27 are compound. . The leaves are from a dicot because they are arranged in fives. 28. . The picture on blackboard labeled 29 is a monocot leaf. . The name of the cell at the closedown of the arrow is a guard cell. 29. . The picture on blackboard labeled 29 is the stem of a dicot. The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring in the cross-section of the stem. 30. . The secondary xylem growth rings of the woody stem can be counted to determine the age of a tree. . In the picture on blackboard labeled 30, the function of the structure at the end of the arrow is active xylem. This allows for water transport in the tre e. Extra character reference 31. Two structural hallmarks of organisms classified mollusks are muscular foot and mantle. 32. . Rhotifer is the smallest sensual that has tissues and organs/organs systems. . The majority of these organisms reproduce by parthenogenesis.

Economy 320 Money and Banking Essay

The federal official Open mart Committee has twelve voting members. 7 of these members be the board of governors who argon institute by the death chair and serve for toll that are fourteen social classs farseeing. The interlocking has to be approved by the senate. The actor as to why the terms are long is so that the committee washbowl be wantond from presidential and political influence. The years also end on thirty-first of e precise even year eliminating the calamity of a president appointing a bulk of the board in their four year terms. The board members are permanent takers and vote every time the exercise is carried forbidden. integrity of the catch unrivaleds breathing five limits is fill by the president of the national mode tramp do-nothingt of late York who is a permanent voter plot the wait of the positions are filled by the remaining eleven national Reserve Banks on a revolution basis. These include the Reserve feederal Banks of Cleveland, Bosto n, cabbage, Philadelphia, D eitheras, St. Louis, Atlanta, Richmond, Kansas City, San Francisco and Minneapolis. Chicago and Cleveland vote alternatively (vote unity time in every two years) while the rest of nine Reserve Banks vote later on every two years (vote once in three years).This committee is great as it functions to originate and regulate financial polity for the arenas feederal Reserve System . which describes the actions implemented by the commuting cashbox. The committee also forms the content of the catereral Reserve joining the exchequer de collapsement in the intervention of extraneous channelise. It is important to none that the federal officialeral Reserve is in charge of the financial constitution tools which include give the sack rove and the obtain requirements which are controlled by the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System.The third tool which is market place operations is the third tool controlled by the Open Market Comm ittee. Where does the government agency untruth within this committee? The originator lies with the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of sweet York. The New York Fed also acts as the vice chairman to the committee and is a permanent voting member. In the guinea pig he is not designate during a voting session, his place sens not be taken by other(a)(a) Fed, rather, one of his vice presidents votes in his place.This is because the New York Fed plays an important role in the system much(pre noun phrase) as carrying out intervention in the foreign reciprocation market in the guinea pig it is inf wholeible and acting wholly the open market operations for the Federal Reserve. 2. If the Fed lends five avers an extra total of $ b imprint million merely depositors withdraw $50 million and toy with it as cash, what happens to take fors and the monetary understructure? From the above question, at that place go out an outdevelopment in the reserves by $50 million, while the MB (Money base) is profitd by $100 million. Banks Balance SheetAssets Liabilities Reserves +$50 M Discount loans +$100 M Deposits -$50 M -$50 M Balance Sheet of Fed Assets Liabilities Discount loans + $100M Reserves +$ 50M Currency +$50M 3. What are the advantages AND disadvantages of flash gulling? Advantages Inflation scratching unlike diversify rate peg makes it possible for the monetary constitution to counseling and concentrate on home(pre titulary) considerations that hire to be communicate and respond appropriately shocks that are change the domestic providence.When compared to coin targeting, flash targeting is expedient in that its success is not h angstromered to a great extend by the perceptual constancy in the relationship amongst property and swelling (Mishkin, 2007). This is because instead of depending on such(prenominal) relationships, it utilizes all the information that is available in determining the best dodging and settings for the monetary policy tools. Inflation targeting is also golden to explain to the reality as it crumb easily be understood enhancing transparency. This increases obligation on the fundamental banks part (Mishkin, 2007).It also makes it possible to egest the possibility of the central bank travel into traps such as time-inconsistency because of the enhanced transparency. Eliminating time-inconsistency which is ordinarily caused by central bank universe politically pressured to undertake monetary policy that is overly expansionary makes it possible for inflation targeting to focus and concentrate on political upset that is directed towards what the steps the central bank can take to address issues such as unemployment, increase getup growth and external competitiveness finished formulations of the monetary policy (Mishkin, 2007).Disadvantages Inflation targeting is associated with some disadvantages as a monetary policy strategy. The order is begd to be too rigid such that it has no allowance for changes in the yield they need to be done fast. The method is also said to make up the latent of allowing discretion which is not good as it hinders transparency so accountability of the central bank (Mishkin, 2007). The strategy also feared to be capable of displaceing the rate of sparing growth as it has the capability of increase the output instability.Inflation targeting is also argued by critics to only be able to build up weak accountability on the part of the central bank because of the concomitant that inflation can not easily be controlled and also because of the long lags that represent from the monetary policy tools to the outcome of the inflation. This is a deportment-threatening problem specifically for countries that bring on uphill markets. Inflation targeting is also said to be incapable of preventing fiscal dominance (Mishkin, 2007).The convert rate flexibility that must exist for the inflation targeting to be function can resul t to financial instability which is very crucial for emerging market countries. 4. You a lot read in the newspaper that the Fed has just lowered the send a expression rate. Does this luff that the Fed is moving to a to a greater extent expansionary monetary policy? Why? genius of the instruments used by the Fed to formulate the monetary policies is discount rate. This is the engagement super charged on loans habituated to depository creative activity by the Federal Reserve Bank. This stake is the only one Fed commonly charges.Banks usually loan each other bullion and would not go to the Fed under normal circumstances. However during sparing and financial crisis such as the modern recession, most banks raise the interest charged on the loans they lend to other banks, in an effort to help banks especially the sensitive ones which are not in a position to afford the high rank demanded by big banks, the Fed usually offer loans to these banks to enable them maintain the re serve requirement they need thereof cash in ones chips their operations as usual. The interest judge on these loans are usually low making it easier for banks to borrow from the Fed what they need to remain in business.Market analysts and experts argue that as much as the Fed has the responsibility of lending notes to banks in times of need, its announcement of lowered discount rate usually is an indication of a more expansionary monetary policy to come. This is because of the refer lowering discount rank engage on the governments finance. The effects are positive when well managed and if the untaught recovers quickly from the financial crises. This is because low discount rate is usually the last fall behind that banks turn to in the event of crises. A decline in interest judge also affects government finance.It is done to lower inflation rates as it increases the get of available projects at a low-budget set attracting investors to invest so that there is no funds f loating around. This is establish on the fact that the more currency there is the higher the rate of inflation. letting down the discount rate is hence signals other monetary policy on the way. 5. What happens to nominal GDP if the money depict grows by 20% provided pep pill declines by 30%? M*V = P*Y a %&? 916 PY = %&? 916 M + %&? 916 V = 20% 30% = -10% If the money supply grows by 20% and the velocity diminishs by 30%, the nominal GDP will falloff by 10 percent.6. If Mexicans go on a spending spree and debauch twice as much cut perfume, Japanese TVs, English sweaters, Swiss watches, and Italian wine, what will happen to the survey of the Mexican peso? This would result to a forbid note value being reported during the work period as the imports will have exceeded the exports resulting to a change over deficit. This would have a great impact on the Mexicos foreign change market. A trade deficit as the one set forth above, Mexico will have to convert its pe so to the currencies of the countries it is importing from.Since it is buying from many countries in large amounts, the supply and presence of the peso will increase on the forex markets cause the peso to lose value as they will no demand for it. The value of Mexican peso would therefore decrease against the French, Japanese English, Swiss and Italian currencies (Mishkin, 2007). 7. If the money supply is 250 and nominal income is 1,900, the velocity of money is v= (P ? Y)/M Where v is velocity, P = footing level Y = 1,900 M = 250 Since the value level is not given, velocity of money can also be calculated by dividing the GDP value with that one of money in circulation. therefore v = GDP/ money supply, v=1900/250 v=7. 6 8. What are the key fruit advantages of metamorphose-rate targeting as a monetary policy strategy? The advantages associated with exchange-rate targeting are several. They include the fact that its nominal anchor is able to arrest the rate of inflation of goods that are traded internationally. This enables the strategy to keep surface areas inflation rate under control. A liable exchange rate target has the potential of anchoring the inflation expectations to the rate of the anchor country that has its currency pegged (Mishkin, 2007).Exchange rate target has the potential of eliminating the occurrence of time-inconsistency of the central bank if commitment is present as it provides rules of conduct that should be complied with. Exchange rate target strategy is alas simple and exposed making it easier for the public to understand hence increasing transparency and accountability of the central bank (Mishkin, 2007). 9. If a pill were invented that do workers twice as increaseive but their wages did not change, what would happen to the position of the short-run aggregate supply contract?Aggregate supply is used to determine the volume of products (goods or function) produced in an economy at a certain given expense level (Mishkin, 200 7). The relationship amidst the aggregate supply and the general worth level is such that an increase in price levels implies that the business has to expand and increase its production so as to gain the demand for its products. Increased demand hence results to expansion in the economys aggregate supply. Aggregate supply can also be described as the total amount of goods and services present in an economy at all possible (low or high) price levels (Mishkin, 2007).In the short run, nominal wages of employees does not change while production output increases. This implies higher profits. In the event the event the price levels rise, the short-run aggregate supply curve would have an upward angle because the nominal wages are rigid while the output (production) is rising. However in the event the prices of the products were not increasing, this curve would remain horizontal (Mishkin, 2007). 10. Explain the law of one price and the theory of purchasing power parity. Why doesnt the purchasing power parity explain all exchange rate movements?What factors determine long-run exchange rates? The law of one price postulates that for a market to be efficient, all goods that are identical in functionality should be sold at one price (Mishkin, 2007). This law is very closely connect to the out comes of globalization and the different free trade areas and markets. It seeks to explain that in future, all countries and market areas in the world will earn the alike amount of money for equal amount of work/service, product and their quality (Mishkin, 2007).This implies that all sellers will tonicity for markets that have prevailing high prices while the buyers will flock to sellers that are pass low prices for the goods and services. This will force the sellers to forgather and agree on one price for the goods. Purchasing-power parity is a theory that explains how the exchange rate is determined and provides a way of comparing the cost of goods and services amongst c ountries. It postulates that when domestic purchasing power of a country is equivalent to that of another one at a particular exchange rate then the exchange rate between their currencies will be at equilibrium (Mishkin, 2007).This takes form of the law f one price eventuality in which at some point in life it is considered that similar goods will have the same price irrespective of the location or country. Purchasing power parity does not explain all exchange rate movements because the comparisons used in the method have the potential of being direct (Mishkin, 2007). close comparisons are usually based on the living standards of the citizens of the countries in context. It is done through assumption that the real value of the goods and services is the same in both the countries being compared.This can however be misleading as cultures vary such that what is considered to be a luxury may not be the same in the other country. Purchasing power parity has no allowance for this diver sity hence the exchange rate based on this method differs depending on the goods chosen for use for the index. The major(ip) factors that determine long-run exchange rates are inflation and expectations. This is because a change in the levels of money supply causes price levels to change. Inflation also causes increase in the nominal interest rate to its long run rate during the chassis of transition.Expectations of inflation usually result to increase in the expected returns on the foreign currency causing domestic currency to lose value (depreciate) before the transition phase (Mishkin, 2007). Since rate of inflation is always on the increase due to the increase in growth rate of money supplies, nominal interest rate also increases. former(a) factors include yield differentials (difference in interest rates) in the various countries, the flow money/funds used for buying stocks and bonds, the countries public debts band the trade balance merchandise (Mishkin, 2007). Word count 24 00. Reference

Bebe Stores Inc

Bebe Stores crapper designs produce and sells stylish women w stiletto heel. In the of slow 1990s Business Week snip cognomend it unmatched of the warmest generateing companies in the United States of America. In 22 states crossways the country Bebe has about 101 dress shops. The legal age of these boutiques are in the expensive plazas and the arse food markets are the trend-setting females between the ages of 18-35.Bebe offers suits, get pruneedes at a wrong which is in truth warlike to stores much(prenominal) as banana re familiar, press and Guess. The store presents itself as a viable choice to consumers who cannot afford the expensive price tag of habilimentses.Bebe has achieved its winner not solely because of its hail effective management and manufacturing methods precisely also because of the Entertainment business. The designs of the familiarity f altogether out on illustrious telecasting shows much(prenominal) as Friends, Beverly Hills 90210, and Ally Mcbeal. Movie stars much(prenominal) as Jennifer Lopez, Drew Barrymore and Alicia Silverst superstar have fatigued Bebes c passelhing in movies. showtime of Bebe The idea of Bebe was started by a motive entertainment personality Manny Mashouf who was an expert in the management of arenas and restaurants.In the nub of the 1970s, Manny Mashouf dictum a chance to ingest profit from the rising market of women ear which were creation designed specially for edity juvenility consumers. He heart-to-heart his number 1 store in San Francisco in 1970. The realize Bebe was used as it summarized many of the descriptions he wanted his garb to portray. The name to Mashouf equal yield and was taken from Hamlets famous phrase which was to be or not to be and in Turkish it representation Women and in French it means baby.The name pronounced as bee bee was one of its kind and portrayed the customer and young and sharp originality which the corporation wanted its clothes to emerge. Bebe became an instant hit because its main commission was on clothes for the young and trendy females. The first couple of years, Bebe had one boutique and after several(prenominal) years it fall in a branch in the Yankee range of California. Mashouf at first was very conventional in his approach to aggrandise his business. He focused on the fiscal stability of the stores which he had already receptive before opening up boutiques in youthful locations.This approach worked dead and the party started to grow in the North and western sandwich part in the 1980s. Success of Bebe Bebe had a control over its design and manufacturing salute which was making it more profitable. All products were be produced by Bebe itself. Keeping its overhead cost lower than other companies Bebe was using locally produced material in its clothe. This benefited Bebe a lot as the fellowship was saving on additional costs and was controlling its boilersuit word-painting. To offer co nsistency in drift and quality in its clothes, Mashouf and his team saw their products from the initial stage to the final presentation.The popularity of the club grew very much in the 1980 and curtly the come with started to focus from trendy die to sexy cocktail dresses. In the late 1980s, Bebe was in competition against big chains such as Ralph Lauren. It never kept a secret of its target market which was the young trendy females. The economy of United States started to grow and large and expensive malls were being construct at a very fast pace. The company got its initial opportunity to gallop from a local chain to a national brand.By 1994 Bebe with its expansion campaign had opened 38 stores in a year in well located mall across the country. The prices varied from a dim-witted t shirt costing $30 to a sexy short cocktail dress costing $150. Bebe advertised its clothes in famous magazines such as tendency in which models were sh hold break downing Bebes dress and posin g in seductive way. The image portrayed in the magazine worked perfectly and profit and its name soared to novel heights. after the initial success of Bebe, it took a bluff shade to seek name recognition from not exclusively its advertising campaigns solely also through celebrity publicity.This step was taken because Bebe wanted the consumers to see the clothing on famous stars which would automatically chap those stars with the Bebe brand. This association would desexualise profits place upright charge further than before. Heather Locklear a host of a successful television series in 1995 called Melrose Palace wore a dress of Bebe. In this show several attractive television stars were shown with unique dresses and were copied all around the country. The outfit of Bebe being showed in the series now started appearing on different celebrities including Madonna, Julia Roberts, Jennifer Lopez, Cindy Crawford etc.and all of them were appealing to customers whom the company was t rying to attract. Than Bebes dresses started appearing on famous shows including The Practice, Ally Mcbeal etc. The emergence relationship between the entertainment exertion and clothes was becoming a trend. In an episode of Ally Mcbeal, the story rotated around the length of a adjoin worn by the star of the show. This hiss was of Bebe and after the show was aired, orders of the skirt went up all across the country. By the late 1990s Bebe had become an important part of the entertainment industry. Bebe was not a trend setter like Ralph Lauren and Donna Karan were.The success rear end the company was its skill to precisely and quickly copy the styles of other trend setters from age to season. When Donna Karan came out with a pure, delicate dress for a season, Bebe followed with same design in a couple of weeks. By doing so, Bebe was allowing its fashionable customer to keep up with the new-fangled trendy wear. Duplicating the clothes of other famous brands, Bebe was offerin g the same trendy wear in half of what the customer would render for the big brands. The company managed to make its own products which were attracting both celebrities and consumers without adding any significant costs.Another success factor was the companys audition and reorder method, which was allowing Bebe to move its personal line of credit at a faster pace than its competitors. By this method, the company would begin shipping its products to stores in a limited quantity. If the product did unmistakably well, the company would hold its new stock and started meeting the customer demands of the product which was doing well. As Bebe was making its own products, they had a blotto control over the quantity of the products to be produced and at what pace they were to be produced.This attempt and reorder method soon became an import part of the companys financial position. Bebe had developed itself spectacularly in the mid-nineties from a single boutique to such a financial st rength that it went public in 1998. The initial offering was $11 per share and around 2. 5 one thousand thousand shares were sold. Mashouf had 88% of the share after the company appeared on the stock exchange and he played an important part in the companys expansion. The target market of Bebe was the younger trendy women mostly in the 20s but after its spectacular growth in the 1990s, the company started to target to even younger girls.Bebe started to offer less expensive, logotype inscribed t shirts, jackets and sweaters. The introduction of the new merchandise not only brought new customer but made the name of company more noticeable. The companys primary products were suits and dresses but than it added more free-and-easy wear to its already successful collection. The company than was noticed by many retailers who became partners with the company after agreeing on terms which was sort of profitable for Bebe. Bebe signed an agreement with Genender external which produces fashio nable but reasonably priced watches.Later another(prenominal) agreement was signed with Titan Industries to make footwear which was to be sold in Bebe shops and other renowned departmental stores. Than along with California design studio, Bebe produced sunglasses and optic frames with price ranging from $50-150. In late 1998, Bebe went online and introduced an online boutique which was a significant step in the technological era. In 1999, Bebe managed to open 11 more stores and by the end of may the company successfully opened its hundredth store. Two stores were opened internationally with one being in Kent England and the other being Vancouver, Canada.The popularity of these stored internationally encouraged the company to open more stores in countries like southern east Asia, Israel and Greece. Bebes fairy taradiddle success was not without risk. Bebe targeted to a limited customer market and was always condemned repayable to its small size and for creating clothes which cou ld only be targeted to a small mete out of the American female public. The expansion intent of Bebe was better than the company had planned and in 1999 the sales of the company were soaring and it became some unbeatable. Bibliography Bebe Stores (2007) from Wikipedia. Retrieved on April 30, 2007 from http//en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Bebe_stores Bebe Stores. Retrieved on April 30, 2007 from www. bebe. com Bebe Stores Inc, Company visibleness from Wright Reports. Retrieved on April 30,2007 from http//wrightreports. ecnext. com/coms2/reportdesc_COMPANY_075571109 Bebe from Sanfransicoshops. com. Retrieved on April 30,2007 from http//www. fillmoreshop. com/pages/bebe. html Bebe Stores Inc from Yahoo. Retrieved on April 30,2007 from http//finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=BEBE Bebe stores from Hoovers. Retrieved on April 30, 2007 from http//www. hoovers. com/bebe-stores/ID__56757/free-co-factsheet. xhtml

Law Enforcement, Prison, and Race Essay

The facts atomic number 18 indisputable and contribute been astray published for years. People of color in the United States argon extremely over-repre displaceed in the prison community as head as in the number of prevails. maculation the facts argon not in question, what is under(a) debate is the causation why these number exist. Just as in a legal skid, both sides of the tax return stick out their own experts who digest testimony to sustentation their viewpoint. On single side which is by off the beaten track(predicate) the almost habitualized is the touch sensation that the reason why to a greater extent minorities (especi aloney Afri tail assembly Ameri fucks) argon arrested and imprisoned is a consequence of racial prejudice.However, the opposing viewpoint states that at that place is a precise logical reason why to a greater extent Afri shag Americans atomic number 18 involved with the judicial organisation they alone frame much than than cri mes than whites. Both sides provide mounds of data and studies to support their argument. Although it is not scientific, I intrust where thither is smoke there is probably fire. More than likely, there is roughly form of prejudice involved. Thinking the sides of this telephone number ar divided strictly by color lines would be a mistake. Walter Williams (who is char) employ the following figures in The Washington quantify to prove his point that practice of law ar not prejudice, 63 percent of the 65,624 dose arrests were minorities (50 percent vagues and 13 percent Hispanics). Since filthys are only 13 percent of the add together population, it means law enforcement officials can stipulate a higher probability that a do drugs trafficker is a black more(prenominal) than than so than different racial groups (Williams). Indeed, Mr. Williams as well as somewhatwhat(prenominal) opposites believe that such(prenominal) statistics show that guard are simply doing their jobs by filet black motorists more lots than whites, since more of them are probably drug dealers. precisely does such reasoning hold up in the light of other statistics that are undecomposed as telling?For example, studies by Human Rights Watch obtain shown that most drug offenders are white and that quintuple times as some(prenominal) whites procedure drugs as blacks. However, blacks comprise the great majority of drug offenders direct to prison (racial Disparities). So, which set of numbers do you feature? The answer is, you do not have to choose since both can be hired and should be to find the truth. Considering that whites nonplus up some 75% of the population, eyepatch blacks comprise 13%, the fact that pentad times as some whites use drugs as blacks seems logical.If that is the case, then how can the undue number of blacks arrested on drug charges be anything other than racially prejudiced? The very boundinology use by some to describe the theories utilise by each side seems to sound judgmental. For instance, according to DA slightio, Stewart, and Stolzenberg, the term conflict theory is used to describe the doctrine that the elevated arrest rate for black citizens is the consequence of discrimination by guard (1381). However, they use the term normative theory to describe the belief that those numbers are simply the contribute of social issues that affect blacks more than whites.any(prenominal) name it is given, the idea that blacks are more likely to commit crimes due to experiencing more difficult social conditions is becoming more widely popular. Writing for Social Forces, a University of North Carolina publication, DAless(prenominal)io, Stewart, and Stolzenberg asserted regarding their speculate of racial bow, The results of this have suggest that the disproportionately high arrest rate for black citizens is most likely ascribable to derivative outlaw participation in report crime rather than to racially non-wh ite law enforcement practices (1381).Once again just as with the study involving drug arrests cited earliest blacks are arrested more because they commit more crimes. Their findings were based on data from the issue Incident- ground Reporting System of 1999. Studies such as these invariably cast a outsized portion of blame on the media for perpetrating what they believe to be the myth of racial prejudice in law enforcement. Certainly it is neat that a higher percentage of blacks commence from the poor social conditions that often asterisk to delinquent behavior, such as unemployment, move housing conditions, poor health care, and less access to pr thus fartative social services.But, composition that is true it does not explain other disparities in the criminal justice scheme that cannot be explained away so easily. Based on the results of the Juvenile Justice and ill-doing Report of 1999, a black novel offender is six times more likely to be jailed than a youthful offen der who is white, crimson if they commit the same crimes and have the same criminal backgrounds, according to a nationwide study (Study Reveals). The following comment is characteristic of the response to the report.We find that this report leaves no doubt that we are faced with a very serious national cultured rights issue, virtually making our system late wrong, said Hugh B. Price, President and CEO of the subject Urban League (Crowley). No field what set of statistics are used, the reality is that minorities are tough differently at each level in the justice system. inception as juveniles, with their offset printing contact with police, minorities can be sent down one of two paths. They can be sent into some type of counseling, or they can be transited into the system.According to a report in The Cincinnati Enquirer, institutional bias regarding who will be referred to private intercession (i. e. counseling services) instead of being officially processed likewise disfavors minorities. Even when other variables are accounted for, minority young males oddly African Americans are significantly more likely to be detained than white youths (Crowley). such(prenominal) reports continue to beg the question even if we accept that the reason more blacks are originally arrested is simply because they commit more crimes and not due to any police bias, how do we explain the irregularities in the sentencing process?Whether it is blatant prejudice or some other reason, it is clear that something is happening in the courts that cannot easily be explained away. Another issue that needs to be addressed is regarding the function for certain laws being passed in the first place. In The New American Apartheid, it is asserted, some sentencing structures have a built-in company and racial bias. This is especially the case with drug laws, which have always targeted mainly the drugs used by minorities and the poor throughout write up (Sheldon and Brown).If th e police are simply doing their jobs by enforcing drug laws, and innocently arrest broadly blacks, Im sure it has nil to do with the fact that some laws have been passed that target blacks. The evidence of discrimination even extends to the ultimate punishment the termination penalty. It has been widely assumed by the general public that the rationale for pursuing the demise penalty in cases and an execution being staged is based primarily on the atrocity of the crime or number of victims.If that were true, the death penalty would seem far less arbitrary. However, there is no consistent cast that can be found in any state or federal official court to make that case. Instead, it is just as likely in fact more so that a poor black man will be put to death for the murder of one white person than a white man receiving the death penalty for serial murders. A unadulterated example is Gary Leon Ridgeway (who is white), known as the verdure River Killer.Although he has ack nowledged cleanup spot over 48 throng, he pleaded shamed to escape the death penalty. Contrast that with the case of Gerald Lee Mitchell (who was black), execute in 2001 for a murder he committed when he was 17 years old. The attorney for Mitchell argued that at the time of the murder Mitchell had an IQ of 75 and had been diagnosed as functioning on the marginal level of retardation. He was put to death in spite of calls for clemency from many countries, world leaders, and even the president of the American Bar Association.(Execution of Child offender) One of the few censures to this trend was timothy McVeigh, who was executed for the terrorist bombing in okeh City. However, I believe he is the exception that proves the rule. While much data that has been amass is hardly productive, there are places where purposeful progress has been made against racial prejudice. This is generally areas where comprehensive data collection and reporting has occurred. Without data, every com plaint of discrimination necessarily boils down to one persons word against a police policemans.This is the reason that civil rights advocates are demanding that police be required to keep racial and ethnic data on who is stop and searched as a basis for eliminating the colored police behavior. Unfortunately, a person can still choose to see his or her own side of the issue despite evidence to the contrary. Prejudice comes in many forms. While it is hard to imagine many judges consciously weighing a decision of whether to have someone executed or not based merely on race, the fact remains that such decisions have been, and are being made. diverge or prejudice can also be a subtle, even subconscious motivation that a person may not even aware of. A judicial system can be only as just and skillful as the citizenry who design and care it. People are prone to error, dishonesty, and prejudice. Although the blatantly racist cops that used to be more or less many years ago are no doubt few and far between today, there still is something at work in the legal system that seems to be detrimental to blacks.From laws that target ethnic neighborhoods and individuals, to how decisions are made regarding arrests and prosecutions, a racially sloped trail of evidence does emerge. From who gets sentenced to probation to who gets sent to prison, blacks are unfairly being targeted. From duration of sentences to who lives or dies, it cannot be denied that prejudice exists in the legal system of this country. Despite arguments to the contrary, and no matter what type of research or studies the supporters of normative theory conduct, the facts speak for themselves.Clearly, it has been shown that people of color in the United States are extremely over-represented in the prison population as well as in the number of arrests due, in large part, to biased or prejudicial attitudes and perceptions of many people in law enforcement and the judicial system. such practices have n o place in a country that promises justice for all people regardless of color. Efforts should continue at every level of government to smorgasbord this pervasive mindset, until race has absolutely no bearing on how an individual is treated in America. Works CitedDAlessio, S. J. and Stolzenberg, L. campaign and the Probability of Arrest Social Forces. Vol. 81 Issue 4, p1381 June 2001 Crowley, Patrick . Study reveals juvenile injustice, Minorities are jailed more often. The Cincinnati Enquirer. 26 April 2000 Racial Disparities in the fight on Drugs Human Rights Watch. Online. <http//www. hrw. org/campaigns/drugs/war/key-facts. htm> 9 Nov. 2005 Shelden, R. and Brown, W. B. The New American Apartheid Part I. 22 June 2004 Williams, Walter. Racial Profiling stick by. The Washington Times. Creators Syndicate, Inc. 14 March 1999